Incazelo elula: imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi ibulala zonke izitshalo, imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe ibulala ukhula olungafuneki kuphela futhi ayibulali izitshalo ezibalulekile (kufaka phakathi izitshalo noma izindawo ezinezitshalo, njll.)
Ayini Ama-Herbicides Akhethiwe?
Ngokufafaza imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe otshanini bakho, ukhula oluthile oluqondiwe luyalinyazwa ngumkhiqizo kuyilapho utshani nezitshalo ozifunayo zingathinteki.
Imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe iyindlela enhle uma ubona ukhula lukhula ezindaweni lapho ufuna khona utshani nezitshalo, ngakho akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokufaka amakhemikhali otshanini bakho bese ulimaza ngesikhathi senqubo.
Imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe kulula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Mane ulandele imiyalelo yelebula bese uxuba imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe oyikhethile namanzi ngesifutho esiphathwa ngesandla. Ungabe usuyifafaza ezitshalweni eziqondiwe ofuna ukuzisusa!
Ukususa Ukhula Ngokukhetha Okungokomzimba
Ngokuhlukanisa umuthi wokubulala ukhula nesitshalo noma isitshalo, ungawusebenzisa ukhula ukuze ufafaze. Enye indlela ephumelelayo yokwenza lokhu ukufutha ikhemikhali ngemva kokutshala isitshalo nangaphambi kokuba ukhula lukhule.
Ama-Herbicides Akhetheke Ngempela
Kuleli qophelo, ungafafaza umuthi wokubulala ukhula ngqo esivunweni noma ensimini ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokulimaza ezinye izitshalo. Ukukhetha kwangempela kungafezwa ngezindlela ezintathu ezahlukene:
Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusho ukuthi indlela izitshalo ezithatha ngayo amakhemikhali, izitshalo ofuna ukuzisusa zithatha amakhemikhali ngokushesha kakhulu kunezitshalo ongazifuni.
Ngokwesimo semvelo, lokhu kubhekisela ezicini ukhula olungaba nazo, njengohlobo lweqabunga, okuhlanganisa iqabunga elibanzi, elinoboya, njll.
Ngokwe-Metabolically, yize izitshalo ofuna ukuzivikela zikwazi ukugaya amakhemikhali ngaphandle kokulimala, ukhula alukwazi.
Ngemithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe, kubalulekile ukwazi nokufunda iziqondiso ngokucophelela ukuze ungonakalisi izitshalo ofuna ukuzigcina. Khumbula ukuthi ukusebenza kahle kwemithi yokubulala ukhula kuncike ekutheni uyisebenzisa nini nokuthi uyisebenzisa kangakanani.
Yiziphi ezinye izibulali-zinambuzane ezikhethiwe ezidumile?
1. 2,4-D
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ukulawula ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi otshanini, ezitshalweni zokusanhlamvu, emadlelweni, nasezindaweni ezingezona ezokulima.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemva kokuhluma lapho ukhula lukhula ngamandla.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Ilingisa ama-hormone ezitshalo abizwa ngokuthi ama-auxin, okubangela ukukhula okungalawuleki futhi ekugcineni ukufa kwesitshalo.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olukhethiwe, oluhlose ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi.
2. I-Dicamba
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa ukulawula ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi, ngokuvamile luhlanganiswa neminye imithi yokubulala ukhula emasimini ommbila kanye nobhontshisi.
Isikhathi: Kungasetshenziswa kokubili ngaphambi nangemva kokuvela.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Njenge-2,4-D, i-Dicamba isebenza njenge-auxin yokwenziwa, okuholela ekukhuleni okungavamile nasekufeni kokhula.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olukhethiwe, oluhlose kakhulu ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi.
3. I-MCPA
Ukusetshenziswa: Kuvame ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni zokusanhlamvu, ekuphathweni kotshani, kanye nasedlelweni ukulawula ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemva kokuhluma ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kokhula.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Isebenza njenge-auxin yokwenziwa, efana ne-2,4-D, iphazamisa izinqubo zokukhula kokhula olunamaqabunga abanzi.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olukhethiwe lokhula olunamaqabunga abanzi.
4. I-Triclopyr
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusebenza kahle ezitshalweni ezinezinkuni kanye nokhula olunamaqabunga abanzi, olusetshenziswa emahlathini, ekuphathweni kwezindlela, kanye nasekudleni amadlelo.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemva kokuvela, okuvame ukusetshenziswa ekwelapheni amabala.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Isebenza njenge-auxin yokwenziwa, iphazamisa ukukhula kwamaseli ezitshalweni eziqondiwe.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olukhethiwe, olusebenza kahle kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zezinkuni kanye namaqabunga abanzi.
5. I-Atrazine
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni zommbila kanye nomoba ukulawula ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi notshani.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuvela noma ngaphambi kokuvela.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Ivimbela i-photosynthesis ezitshalweni ezisengozini.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olukhethiwe lwamaqabunga abanzi kanye nokhula olunotshani.
6. I-Clopyralid
Ukusetshenziswa: Kuhloswe ukhula oluthile olunamaqabunga abanzi otshanini, emadlelweni, nasezindaweni ezifuywayo.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemva kokuvela ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Enye i-auxin yokwenziwa, ebangela ukukhula okungalawuleki nokungajwayelekile ezitshalweni eziqondiwe ezinamahlamvu abanzi.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olukhethiwe lokhula oluthile olunamaqabunga abanzi.
7. I-Fluazifop-P-butyl
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa ukulawula ukhula olunotshani ezitshalweni ezahlukahlukene okuhlanganisa ubhontshisi, imifino, kanye nezinto zokuhlobisa.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemva kokuhluma lapho ukhula olunotshani luselusha futhi lukhula ngamandla.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Ivimbela ukwakheka kwamafutha, okubalulekile ekwakhekeni kwe-membrane yamaseli otshanini.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olukhethiwe lokhula olunotshani.
8. I-Metribuzin
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezifana namazambane, utamatisi, kanye nobhontshisi ukulawula kokubili ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi kanye notshani.
Isikhathi: Kungasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuvela noma ngemva kokuvela.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Ivimbela i-photosynthesis ngokubopha kwi-photosystem II complex ezitshalweni.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olukhethiwe lokhula olunamaqabunga abanzi notshani.
9. I-Pendimethalin
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa njengomuthi wokubulala ukhula ngaphambi kokuvela ukulawula ukhula olunotshani kanye nokhula oluthile olunamaqabunga abanzi ezitshalweni ezifana nommbila, ubhontshisi kanye nemifino.
Isikhathi: Faka ukhula ngaphambi kokuhluma enhlabathini ngaphambi kokuba imbewu yokhula ihlume.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Ivimbela ukuhlukana kwamaseli kanye nokwandiswa kwezithombo zokhula ezikhulayo.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olukhethiwe, olungakaphumi.
10.I-Clethodim
Ukusetshenziswa: Ihlose ukhula olunotshani ezitshalweni ezinamahlamvu abanzi njengobhontshisi, ukotini, kanye nobhekilanga.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemva kokuhluma lapho ukhula olunotshani lukhula ngamandla.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Ivimbela i-enzyme i-acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwe-fatty acid otshanini.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olukhethiwe lokhula olunotshani.
Ngayinye yalezi zibulali-khula isetshenziswa ngokweziqondiso ezithile ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kokhula okuphumelelayo ngenkathi kunciphisa umonakalo ezitshalweni ezifiselekayo. Isikhathi esifanele kanye nezindlela zokusebenzisa zibalulekile empumelelweni yazo kanye nokuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kokumelana nokhula ezinhlotsheni.
Iyini imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi?
Ngokufafaza imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi, uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzosusa noma yiziphi izitshalo (kungaba ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi noma utshani) endaweni yokufaka ngokufafaza okukodwa nje.
Imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi ilungele kakhulu ukususa izindawo lapho ukhula kungafanele lukhule khona nhlobo, njengemiphetho yocingo, imifantu yendlela, kanye nemigwaqo yokungena. Ngenxa yemithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi, ungayisebenzisa ngobuningi uma ufuna ukususa lonke ukhula oluseceleni kwakho, kunokuba uqaphele ngokwelashwa ngemithi.
Imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi ilula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Mane ulandele imiyalelo yelebula bese uxuba imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi oyikhethile namanzi ngesifutho esiphathwa ngesandla. Ungabe usuyifafaza ezitshalweni ofuna ukuzisusa, kanjalo nje!
Xhumana
Ama-herbicides okuthintanazisebenza ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokuvamile zibulala ukhula ngamahora ambalwa, ezinye zibulala isigamu sehora ngosuku olunelanga. Imithi yokubulala ukhula ethintanayo isebenza kakhulu ku-ukhula lwaminyaka yonke, ikakhulukazi izithombo.
Uma ufuna ukususaizitshalo ezihlala isikhathi eside, khumbula ukuthi imithi yokubulala ukhula izobulala izitshalo eziphezulu kuphela.
Okuhlelekile
Olunye uhlobo lomuthi wokubulala ukhula ongakhethi lusebenza ku-uhlelo oluhlelekileindlela. Ikhemikhali ingena esitshalweni ngengxenye eyodwa yesitshalo (ngokuvamile izimpande) bese isakazeka kuso sonke isitshalo. Le ndlela isebenza kuphela ezitshalweni ozibonayo, ngakho ayivimbeli.
Akudingeki ukhathazeke ngamakhemikhali asemithini yokubulala ukhula ehlala enhlabathini ngoba ayanyamalala uma isitshalo sesifile.
Yimiphi eminye imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi ethandwayo?
1. I-Glyphosate
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa kabanzi ukulawula uhla olubanzi lokhula notshani kwezolimo, ukulima, kanye nokulawula ukhula lwasekhaya.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemva kokuhluma lapho ukhula lukhula ngamandla.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Ivimbela i-enzyme i-EPSP synthase, edingekayo ekwakhiweni kwama-amino acid abalulekile ezitshalweni, okuholela ekufeni kwezitshalo.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olungakhethi.
2. I-Diquat
Ukusetshenziswa: Kuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula lwasemanzini kanye nokulungiselela amasimu ngaphambi kokutshala. Kuphinde kusetshenziswe ekukhipheni izinambuzane ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuvela; kusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Iphazamisa i-photosynthesis ngokukhiqiza izinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisebenzayo, okuholela ekulimaleni okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana nokufa.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olungakhethi.
3. I-Glufosinate
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa ukulawula ukhula oluhlukahlukene kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni eziguqulwe izakhi zofuzo ukuze zimelane nalo.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemva kokuhluma lapho ukhula lukhula ngamandla.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Ivimbela i-enzyme i-glutamine synthetase, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kwe-ammonia ezicutshini zezitshalo nasekufeni kwezitshalo.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olungakhethi.
4. I-Paraquat
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa ukulawula ukhula notshani ezindaweni eziningi zezolimo nezingezona ezolimo. Ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulawulwa kakhulu.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuvela; kusebenza ngokushesha okukhulu.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Iphazamisa i-photosynthesis ngokukhiqiza izinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisebenzayo, okubangela ukulimala kwamangqamuzana nokufa kwezitshalo ngokushesha.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olungakhethi.
5. Imazapyr
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa ngokumelene nokhula oluhlukahlukene lwaminyaka yonke noluhlala isikhathi eside, izihlahla, nezihlahla. Kusetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni zezimboni, ezindaweni zokusebenzisa, kanye namahlathi.
Isikhathi: Kungasetshenziswa kokubili ngaphambi nangemva kokuvela.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Ivimbela i-enzyme i-acetolactate synthase (ALS), ebalulekile ekwakhiweni kwama-amino acid ahlanganisiwe, okuholela ekufeni kwezitshalo.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olungakhethi.
6. I-Pelargonic Acid
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziselwa ukushisa izimila ngokushesha futhi kuthandwa kakhulu ekulimeni okungokwemvelo kanye nasekulimeni ingadi njengoba kutholakala ezitshalweni.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuvela; kusebenza ngokushesha.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Iphazamisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli, okuholela ekubuneni okusheshayo kwezicubu zezitshalo.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olungakhethi.
7. Uviniga (i-Acetic Acid)
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa njengomuthi wemvelo, ongakhethi ukwelapha ukhula oluvela ezindaweni ezingadini nasemadlelweni.
Isikhathi: Ukusetshenziswa ngemva kokuvela; amazinga aphezulu (ngokuvamile angu-20% noma ngaphezulu) asebenza kangcono.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Yehlisa i-pH yesitshalo, okubangela ukulimala kwamaseli kanye nokubola.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olungakhethi.
8. Usawoti (i-Sodium Chloride)
Ukusetshenziswa: Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa kanye noviniga noma ezinye izinto zemvelo ukwelapha ukhula olunamabala. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungaholela ezinkingeni zosawoti enhlabathini.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemva kokuvela.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Iphazamisa ibhalansi ye-osmotic kumaseli ezitshalo, okubangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokufa.
Uhlobo: Ukhula olungakhethi.
Ngayinye yalezi zibulala-zinambuzane ezingakhethi inezindlela ezithile zokusebenzisa kanye neziqondiso zokusebenzisa ukuqinisekisa ukulawulwa kokhula okuphumelelayo ngenkathi kunciphisa umonakalo ongaba khona ezitshalweni ezifiselekayo kanye nemvelo. Amasu okusebenzisa afanele kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha kubalulekile uma usebenzisa le mikhiqizo.
Ngingayisebenzisa kanjani le mithi yokubulala ukhula?
Ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uyazi ukuthi ungayisebenzisa kanjani inketho ngayinye ukuqinisekisa imiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Izibulali-zinambuzane zikhetha ukuvimbela ukukhula kokhula, futhi ungazisebenzisela ngaphambi kokuba zivele. Ukusebenzisa izibulali-zinambuzane ekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kungaba usizo.
Uma uke wabona izimpawu zokhula, ungasebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-post-emergence selective herbicide. Amaqabunga ayayimunca bese amakhemikhali esakazeka kusukela lapho. Sebenzisa le herbicide entwasahlobo, lapho izitshalo zisencane futhi zisengozini.
Ngemithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi, ukuqapha kubalulekile uma kunezinye izitshalo ezizungezile ezidinga ukuvikelwa. Ukuze uhlanze insimu yokutshala, ungafafaza imithi yokubulala ukhula njengoba kudingeka, kodwa qaphela ngokwelashwa okuphathelene nezindawo eziseduze nemigwaqo.
Khumbula ukuthi imithi yokubulala ukhula (ikakhulukazi leyo engakhethi) iqukethe ubuthi obuyingozi kubantu nasezifuyweni. Gwema ukubufaka esikhumbeni nasezingutsheni zakho.
Yimuphi umuthi wokubulala ukhula okufanele ngiwukhethe?
Khetha umuthi wokubulala ukhula ongakhethi uma ufuna umuthi wokubulala ukhula osebenza ngokushesha ozokusiza ukuhlanza insimu noma ingadi yakho ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo ozifunayo. Khumbula ukuthi lokhu akuyona umuthi wokubulala ukhula ohlala isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke cishe kuzodingeka uwusebenzise futhi ngonyaka olandelayo ukuze ususe ukhula.
Sebenzisa umuthi wokubulala ukhula okhethiwe uma ufuna ukukwazi ukususa ukhula nezinye izitshalo ezihlaselayo ngaphandle kokulimaza izitshalo zakho noma izitshalo ofuna ukuzigcina.
Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa
Iyini i-herbicide ekhethiwe?
I-herbicide ekhethiwe uhlobo lwe-herbicide olubulala ukhula oluthile kuphela ngaphandle kokuthinta ezinye izitshalo.
Iyini i-herbicide engakhethi?
Umuthi wokubulala ukhula ongakhethi ubulala zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo, hhayi nje ukhula oluthile.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe nengakhethi?
Imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe ihlose izinhlobo ezithile zokhula kuphela futhi ayithinti ezinye izitshalo, kuyilapho imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi ibulala zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo.
Ingabe imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi iyabulala utshani?
Yebo, imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi izobulala bonke utshani.
Ngingayisebenzisa kanjani imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe?
Ama-herbicides akhethiwe kufanele asetshenziswe ngokwemiyalelo yelebula, ezimweni zezulu ezifanele kanye nalapho ukhula oluqondiwe lukhula ngenkuthalo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha.
Kunini lapho kufanele usebenzise khona imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe?
Ama-herbicides akhethiwe avame ukusetshenziswa lapho ukhula oluqondiwe lusesigabeni sokukhula ngokushesha ukuze kube nemiphumela emihle kakhulu.
Kungani abalimi bekhetha ukusebenzisa imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe?
Abalimi bakhetha ukusebenzisa imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe ukuze balawule ngempumelelo ukhula ngaphandle kokulimaza izitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela bathuthukise isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yezitshalo.
Ingabe i-2,4-D iyi-herbicide ekhethiwe?
Yebo, i-2,4-D iyi-herbicide ekhethiwe esetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi.
Ingabe i-atrazine iyi-herbicide ekhethiwe?
Yebo, i-atrazine iyi-herbicide ekhethiwe evame ukusetshenziswa ukulawula ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi kanye nokhula oluthile lotshani.
Ingabe i-glyphosate iyi-herbicide ekhethiwe?
Cha. I-Glyphosate iyi-herbicide engakhethi ezobulala zonke izitshalo.
Ingabe i-paraquat iyi-herbicide ekhethiwe?
Cha. I-Paraquat iyi-herbicide engakhethi ezobulala zonke izitshalo ehlangana nazo.
Ingabe i-baking soda ibhekwa njengomuthi wokubulala ukhula ongakhethi?
Cha, i-baking soda ayivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-herbicide engakhethi.
Ingabe imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi iyabulala utshani?
Yebo, imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi izobulala utshani.
Ingabe imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi iyingozi ezintsatsheni zebhokisi?
Imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi ingaba yingozi ezinhlotsheni zezinyoni nakwezinye izilwane zasendle futhi kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha.
Yimiphi imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe ebulala inkukhu?
Ukhula olukhethiwe oluqukethe i-flumetsulfuron noma i-ethoxyfluorfen lungasebenza kahle ekulawuleni inkukhu.
Yimiphi imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe ebulala ukhula oluyimpumputhe lwaseJapan?
Ukhula olukhethiwe oluqukethe i-flusulfuron luyasebenza ekulawuleni ukhula oluyimpumputhe lwaseJapan.
Ingabe imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe izobulala utshani obuyi-centipede?
Amanye ama-herbicides akhethiwe angabulala utshani obuyi-centipede, kodwa ilebula idinga ukuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi iyasebenza yini.
Ingabe imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe izolimaza izithelo ezihlahleni zezithelo?
Iningi lemithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe ayilimazi izithelo, kodwa kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha ukuze kugwenywe ukuthintana ngqo nezithelo.
Yimiphi imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe engasetshenziswa ku-creeping periwinkle?
Imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe njenge-flumetsulfuron ingasebenza kahle ekulawuleni ukhula kuma-periwinkle amancane ahambayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-31-2024
