Ama-herbicides okuthintanaamakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukuphatha ukhula ngokubhubhisa izicubu zezitshalo kuphela ezihlangana nazo ngqo.imithi yokubulala ukhula ehlelekile, ezimuncwa futhi zihambe ngaphakathi kwesitshalo ukuze zifinyelele futhi zibulale izimpande zaso nezinye izingxenye, ama-herbicides okuthintana nawo asebenza endaweni, abangela umonakalo nokufa ezindaweni ezithintekile kuphela.
Ama-herbicides okuthintana aphakathi kwezinhlobo zokuqala zama-herbicides ezenzelwe ukulawula ukhula lwezolimo nolungeyona eyezolimo. Ukusetshenziswa kwawo kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, futhi naphezu kokuvela kobuchwepheshe bokubulala ukhula obuyinkimbinkimbi, ama-herbicides okuthintana ahlala esebenza kahle kakhulu kwezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza, ikakhulukazi lapho kudingeka khona ukulawula ukhula okusheshayo nolwendawo.
Ukubaluleka Kokuphathwa Kokhula
Ukubaluleka kwemithi yokubulala ukhula ethintana nayo ekuphathweni kokhula kwanamuhla kusekusebenzeni kwayo okusheshayo kanye nekhono lokulawula izindawo ezithile eziyinkinga ngaphandle kokuthinta izitshalo ezizungezile. Lokhu kuyenza ibe usizo kakhulu kokubili ezindaweni zezolimo, njengokususa ukhula phakathi kwemigqa, kanye nezindawo ezingezona ezokulima njengezindlela nezindawo zezimboni.
Indlela Yokusebenza Kwemithi Yokubulala Ukhula Yokuthintana
Ama-herbicides okuthintana asebenza ngokulimaza ngqo amangqamuzana ezitshalo ahlangana nawo. Lo monakalo uvame ukuhilela ukuqhekeka kwama-membrane eseli, okuholela ekuvuza kokuqukethwe kweseli nokufa okusheshayo kwezicubu ezithintekile. Indlela ethile yokusebenza ingahluka kuye ngokuthi umuthi ubulala kanjani kodwa ngokuvamile uphumela emphumeleni osheshayo nobonakalayo.
Izinhlobo Zomonakalo Kumaseli Ezitshalo
Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zomonakalo wamangqamuzana obangelwa ama-herbicides okuthintana zifaka:
Ukuphazamiseka Kwe-Cell Membrane: Okuholela ekuvuzeni kwe-cell kanye nokuphuma komswakama.
Ukucindezeleka Okubangelwa Ukuxinana: Kubangelwa ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisebenzayo (ROS), ezilimaza izingxenye zamaseli.
Ukungalingani kwe-pH: Okubangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwamangqamuzana nokufa.
Ukuqhathaniswa Nemithi Yokubulala Ukhula Ejwayelekile
Ngokungafani nemithi yokubulala ukhula ethintana nayo, imithi yokubulala ukhula eyenzeka ngesistimu imuncwa yisitshalo bese ithuthwa iye ezingxenyeni ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimpande namahlumela, ukuze ibulale sonke isitshalo. Lokhu kwenza imithi yokubulala ukhula eyenzeka ngesistimu isebenze kahle kakhuluukhula oluhlala isikhathi esideukulawula, njengoba zingahlasela izingxenye ezingaphansi komhlaba zokhula. Kodwa-ke, imithi yokubulala ukhula ethintanayo iyathandwa ngenxa yesenzo sayo esisheshayo kanye nengozi encishisiwe yokuthinta izitshalo ezingahlosiwe.
Ukusetshenziswa Kwemithi Yokubulala Ukhula Yokuthintana
Ama-herbicides okuthintana nawo avame ukusetshenziswa njengezifutho, okudinga ukumbozwa kahle kwamaqabunga esitshalo esiqondiwe ukuze asebenze kahle. Amasu okusebenzisa afanele abalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle okukhulu nokunciphisa imfucuza kanye nomonakalo ongewona owokuqondiwe.
Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, kufanele kusetshenziswe imithi yokubulala ukhula ngesikhathi sokukhula lapho ukhula lukhula khona futhi lunendawo eyanele yamaqabunga ukuze lumunce umuthi wokubulala ukhula. Ukusetshenziswa kwasekuseni noma ntambama kuvame ukuthandwa ukuze kuncishiswe ukuhwamuka nokukhukhuleka.
Ukunemba kubalulekile uma usebenzisa ama-contact herbicides. Kumelwe kuqashelwe ukusebenzisa ama-herbicides okhula kuphela, njengoba lawa ma-herbicides ngokuvamile engakhethi futhi angalimaza izitshalo ezifiselekayo ezihlangana nazo. Ukusebenzisa izivikelo zokuzivikela kanye namasu okufafaza aqondisiwe kungasiza ekufezeni lokhu kunemba.
Izimo Zokusetshenziswa Kwemithi Yokubulala Ukhula Yokuthintana
Ukulawulwa Kokhula Lonyaka
Ama-contact herbicides asebenza kahle kakhulu ekulweniukhula lwaminyaka yonke, eziqeda umjikelezo wazo wokuphila ngesizini eyodwa. Ngokubhubhisa izingxenye ezingenhla komhlabathi, lezi zibulali-khula zivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwembewu kanye nokusabalala kokhula lwaminyaka yonke.
Ukulawulwa Kokhula Phakathi Kwemigqa
Ezindaweni zezolimo, imithi yokubulala ukhula ethintana nayo ivame ukusetshenziswa ukulawula ukhula phakathi kwemigqa yezitshalo ngaphandle kokuthinta izitshalo ngokwazo. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okukhethekile kusiza ukugcina impilo yezitshalo ngenkathi kulawulwa inani lokhula.
Ukusetshenziswa Ezindaweni Ezingatshalwanga
Imithi yokubulala ukhula ethintana nayo ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezingezona ezokulima njengezindlela, izindawo zezimboni, kanye nezitimela lapho kudingeka khona ukulawulwa kokhula olune-spectrum ebanzi. Isenzo sayo esisheshayo kanye nokusebenza kahle kulezi zindawo kuyenza ithuluzi eliwusizo lokuphathwa kwezitshalo.
Ama-Common Contact Herbicides
Indlela Yokusebenza: I-Diquat iphazamisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli, ibangele ukubuna okusheshayo kwezicubu zezitshalo.
Amacala Okusetshenziswa: Ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukububula imivini yamazambane ngaphambi kokuvuna nokulawula ukhula lwasemanzini.
Izici: Isebenza ngokushesha nemiphumela ebonakalayo emahoreni ambalwa.
Indlela Yokusebenza: I-Paraquat ibangela ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisabelayo, ezilimaza izingxenye zamaseli, okuholela ekufeni kwezitshalo ngokushesha.
Amacala Okusetshenziswa: Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa kwezolimo ekushiseni ngaphambi kokutshala nasezindaweni ezingezona ezokulima.
Izici: Isebenza ngokushesha okukhulu kodwa inobuthi obukhulu, idinga ukuphathwa nokusetshenziswa ngokucophelela.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Le asidi enamafutha iphazamisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli, okuholela ekubuneni okusheshayo kwezicubu zezitshalo.
Amacala Okusetshenziswa: Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ekulimeni okungokwemvelo njengomthi wokubulala ukhula ongakhethi wokwelapha amabala.
Izici: Zivela emithonjeni yemvelo futhi zibhekwa njengeziphephile kakhulu endaweni ezungezile.
Indlela Yokusebenza: I-Glufosinate ivimbela i-enzyme i-glutamine synthetase, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kwamazinga anobuthi e-ammonia ngaphakathi kwamaseli ezitshalo.
Amacala Okusetshenziswa: Asetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula ezitshalweni ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ummbila kanye nobhontshisi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kotshani kanye nokuhlobisa.
Izici: Ayikhethi futhi isebenza ngokushesha.
Indlela Yokusebenza: Yehlisa i-pH ngaphakathi kwamaseli ezitshalo, okuholela ekubuneni nasekufeni kwezicubu zezitshalo.
Amacala Okusetshenziswa: Asetshenziswa ekulimeni okungokwemvelo kanye nasezingadini zasekhaya ukulawula ukhula oluncane.
Izici: Zemvelo futhi ziyabola, zisebenza kahle kuye ngokuthi zingakanani.
Izinzuzo Zokubulala Ukhula Okuthintana Nazo
Imiphumela Esheshayo
Enye yezinzuzo eziyinhloko zemithi yokubulala ukhula ethintana nayo yikhono layo lokukhiqiza imiphumela esheshayo. Imiphumela ebonakalayo ivame ukwenzeka phakathi kwamahora kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, okwenza ibe yindawo ekahle ezimweni lapho kudingeka khona ukulawulwa kokhula okusheshayo.
Akukho Nsalela Yomhlabathi
Ama-herbicides athintana nawo ngokuvamile awashiyi izinsalela enhlabathini, okuvumela ukutshalwa okuphephile kwezitshalo ngokushesha ngemva kokusetshenziswa. Lokhu kuntuleka kwezinsalela zenhlabathi kuzenza zifanelekele izinhlelo zokuphathwa kokhula ezihlanganisiwe.
Isenzo Esiqondiwe
Isenzo sendawo semithi yokubulala ukhula ethintana nayo ivumela ukuphathwa kokhula okunembile ezindaweni ezithile eziyinkinga ngaphandle kokuthinta yonke insimu noma ingadi. Lesi senzo esiqondisiwe siwusizo kokubili ezindaweni zezolimo kanye nezingezona ezolimo.
Imikhawulo Yemithi Yokubulala Ukhula Yokuthintana
Ukukhula Kabusha Kokhula
Njengoba imithi yokubulala ukhula ethintana nayo ingathinti izimpande, ukhula oluhlala isikhathi eside lungakhula kabusha luvela ezingxenyeni ezingaphansi komhlaba. Lo mkhawulo udinga ukusetshenziswa okuphindaphindiwe noma ukuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokulawula ukhula.
Ukubulala Okungakhethi
Ama-herbicides okuthintana angalimaza noma yisiphi isitshalo asithintayo, okudinga ukusetshenziswa ngokucophelela ukuze kugwenywe ukulimaza izitshalo ezifiselekayo. Lokhu kungakhethi kudinga izinyathelo eziqondile zokuqondisa kanye nokuvikela ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa.
Ukukhathazeka Ngokuphepha
Amanye ama-herbicides okuthintana, njenge-paraquat, anobuthi obukhulu futhi adinga izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile. Imishini yokuzivikela efanele kanye namasu okusebenzisa kubalulekile ukunciphisa izingozi empilweni yabantu kanye nezidalwa ezingezona ezihlaselwe.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-17-2024
