Incazelo elula: imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi ibulala zonke izitshalo, imithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethayo ibulala kuphela ukhula olungafuneki futhi ayibulali izitshalo ezibalulekile (okuhlanganisa izitshalo noma izindawo ezitshaliwe, njll.)
Iyini I-Selective Herbicides?
Ngokufafaza ama-herbicides akhethiwe otshanini bakho, ukhula oluqondiswe ngqo luyalinyazwa umkhiqizo kuyilapho utshani nezitshalo ozifunayo azithinteki.
Ama-herbicides akhethiwe ayindlela enhle uma ubona ukhula lukhula ezindaweni lapho ufuna khona utshani nezitshalo, ngakho-ke akudingeki ukhathazeke ngokufaka ngokucophelela phezulu nokuthola amakhemikhali otshanini bakho futhi ukulimaze inqubo.
Ama-herbicides akhethiwe kulula kakhulu ukuwasebenzisa. Vele ulandele imiyalelo yelebula bese uxuba ukukhetha kwakho kokukhetha ukhula namanzi kusifutho esiphathwa ngesandla. Ungabese usifutha ezitshalweni eziqondiwe ofuna ukuzisusa!
Ukukhipha Ukhula Okungokomzimba
Ngokuhlukanisa umuthi wokubulala ukhula kuso sonke isitshalo noma isitshalo, ungakhomba ukhula ukuze ufuthwe. Enye indlela ephumelelayo yokwenza lokhu ukufafaza amakhemikhali ngemva kokutshala isilimo nangaphambi kokuba ukhula lukhule.
Imithi Yokubulala Ukhula Ekhetha Ngempela
Kuleli qophelo, ungafafaza umuthi wokubulala ukhula ngqo esitshalweni noma ensimini ngaphandle kokukhathazeka ngokulimaza ezinye izitshalo. Ukukhetha kweqiniso kungafinyelelwa ngezindlela ezintathu ezahlukene:
Physiologically, lokhu kusho ukuthi indlela izitshalo ezithatha ngayo amakhemikhali, izitshalo ofuna ukuzisusa zithatha amakhemikhali ngokushesha kakhulu kunezitshalo ongazifuni.
I-morphologically, lokhu kubhekisela ezicini ezingase zibe nazo ukhula, njengohlobo lwamaqabunga, okuhlanganisa i-broadleaf, enoboya, njll.
Ngokwemetabolism, kuyilapho izitshalo ofuna ukuzivikela zikwazi ukugaya amakhemikhali ngaphandle kokulimala, ukhula alukwazi.
Ngemithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe, kubalulekile ukwazi nokufunda iziqondiso ngokucophelela ukuze ungalimazi izitshalo ofuna ukuzigcina. Khumbula ukuthi ukusebenza komuthi wokubulala ukhula kuncike ekutheni uyisebenzisa nini nokuthi uyisebenzisa kangakanani.
Yimaphi ama-herbicides athandwayo akhethiwe?
1. 2,4-D
Isicelo: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ukhula lwamaqabunga abanzi otshanini, izitshalo ze-cereal, amadlelo kanye nezindawo ezingalinywanga.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokumila lapho ukhula lukhula.
Indlela Yesenzo: Ilingisa amahomoni ezitshalo abizwa ngokuthi ama-auxins, abangela ukukhula okungalawuleki futhi ekugcineni nokufa kwesitshalo.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide ekhethiwe, eqondise ukhula lwamaqabunga abanzi.
2. Dicamba
Isicelo: Isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi, ngokuvamile luhlanganiswa neminye imithi yokubulala ukhula emasimini ommbila nobhontshisi wesoya.
Isikhathi: Kungasetshenziswa kokubili ngaphambi nangemuva kokuvela.
Indlela Yesenzo: Njengo-2,4-D, i-Dicamba isebenza njenge-auxin yokwenziwa, okuholela ekukhuleni okungavamile nokufa kokhula.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide ekhethiwe, eqondise kakhulu ukhula lwamaqabunga abanzi.
3. I-MCPA
Isicelo: Ijwayele ukusetshenziswa ezitshalweni ze-cereal, ukuphathwa kwe-turf, namadlelo ukulawula ukhula lwamaqabunga abanzi.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokumila ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kokhula.
Indlela Yesenzo: Isebenza njenge-auxin yokwenziwa, efana ne-2,4-D, iphazamisa izinqubo zokukhula kokhula olunamaqabunga abanzi.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide ekhethiwe yokhula lwama-broadleaf.
4. I-Triclopyr
Isicelo: Isebenza ngempumelelo ezitshalweni ezinokhuni kanye nokhula olunamaqabunga abanzi, olusetshenziswa emahlathini, amalungelo endlela, kanye nokuphathwa kwamadlelo.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuvela, okuvame ukusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwamabala.
Indlela Yesenzo: Isebenza njenge-auxin yokwenziwa, iphazamisa ukukhula kwamaseli ezitshalweni eziqondiwe.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide ekhethiwe, isebenza ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni zezinkuni namaqabunga abanzi.
5. I-Atrazine
Isicelo: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezitshalweni zombila nezomoba ukulawula ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi notshani.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswe ngaphambi kokuvela noma kwangaphambi kokuvela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.
Indlela Yesenzo: Ivimbela i-photosynthesis ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezisengozini.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide ekhethiwe ye-broadleaf kanye nokhula oluthile olunotshani.
6. I-Clopyralid
Isicelo: Iqondise ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi ezindaweni ezifuywayo, emadlelweni nasezindaweni ezihlukene.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokuvela phakathi nezikhathi zokukhula ezisebenzayo.
Indlela Yesenzo: Enye i-auxin yokwenziwa, ebangela ukukhula okungalawuleki nokungavamile ezitshalweni ezihlosiwe zamaqabunga abanzi.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide ekhethiwe yokhula oluthile lwama-broadleaf.
7. I-Fluazifop-P-butyl
Isicelo: Isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula olunotshani ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezihlanganisa ubhontshisi wesoya, imifino, kanye nezinto zokuhlobisa.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa emva kokuhluma lapho ukhula olunotshani luselusha futhi lukhula.
Indlela Yesenzo: Ivimbela ukwakheka kwe-lipid, okubalulekile ekwakhekeni kolwelwesi lwamaseli otshanini.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide ekhethiwe yokhula olunotshani.
8. I-Metribuzin
Isicelo: Isetshenziswa ezitshalweni ezifana namazambane, utamatisi, nobhontshisi wesoya ukulawula kokubili ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi notshani.
Isikhathi: Kungasetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuvela noma ngemuva kokuvela.
Indlela Yesenzo: Ivimbela i-photosynthesis ngokubophezela ku-photosystem II complex ezitshalweni.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide ekhethiwe ye-broadleaf kanye nokhula olunotshani.
9. I-Pendimethalin
Isicelo: Isetshenziswa njengomuthi wokubulala ukhula ngaphambi kokuvela ukuze ulawule ukhula olunotshani nolunye olunamaqabunga abanzi ezitshalweni ezinjengommbila, ubhontshisi wesoya, nemifino.
Isikhathi: Kufakwe ngaphambi kokumila emhlabathini ngaphambi kokuba imbewu yokhula iqhume.
Indlela Yesenzo: Ivimbela ukuhlukana kwamaseli kanye nobude ezitshalweni zokhula olusakhulayo.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide ekhethiwe, engaphambi kokuvela.
10.Clethodim
Isicelo: Iqondisa ukhula olunotshani ezitshalweni zamaqabunga abanzi njengobhontshisi wesoya, ukotini, nobhekilanga.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokumila lapho ukhula olunotshani lukhula.
Indlela Yesenzo: Ivimbela i-enzyme i-acetyl-CoA carboxylase, ebaluleke kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni kwamafutha e-acid otshanini.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide ekhethiwe yokhula olunotshani.
Ngayinye yale mithi yokubulala ukhula isetshenziswa ngokweziqondiso ezithile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulawulwa kokhula ngempumelelo kuyilapho kunciphisa umonakalo ezitshalweni ezifiselekayo. Isikhathi esifanele kanye nezindlela zokusetshenziswa zibalulekile empumelelweni yazo kanye nokuvimbela ukukhula kokhula ezinhlobonhlobo zokhula.
Iyini imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi?
Ngokufafaza ama-herbicides angakhethi, uqinisekisiwe ukuthi uzoqeda noma yiziphi izimila (kungaba ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi noma utshani) endaweni yokufaka isicelo ngesifutho esisodwa nje.
Imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi mihle ikakhulukazi ekususeni izindawo lapho ukhula kungafanele lukhule khona, njengemiphetho yocingo, imifantu yemigwaqo eseceleni, kanye nemigwaqo eshayelayo. Ngenxa yemithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi, ungayisebenzisa ngobuningi uma ufuna ukususa lonke ukhula emugqeni wakho wokubona, kunokuba uqaphele ngemithi yokwelapha.
Ama-herbicides angakhethi kulula kakhulu ukuwasebenzisa. Vele ulandele imiyalelo yelebula bese uxuba isibulala-khula esingakhethi ozikhethele sona namanzi kusifutho esiphathwa ngesandla. Ungabese usifutha ezitshalweni eziqondiwe ofuna ukuzisusa, kanjalo nje!
Oxhumana naye
Xhumana nama-herbicidessebenza ngokushesha okukhulu. Ngokuvamile zibulala ukhula emahoreni ambalwa, ezinye esikhathini esingangesigamu sehora ngosuku olushisayo. Ama-herbicides othintana nawo asebenza kakhuluukhula lonyaka, ikakhulukazi izithombo.
Uma ufuna ukususaezihlala njalo, khumbula ukuthi thintana nama-herbicides azobulala izitshalo eziphezulu kuphela.
Uhlelo
Olunye uhlobo lwe-herbicide engakhethi lusebenza ku-auhleloindlela. Ikhemikhali ingena esitshalweni ngengxenye eyodwa yesitshalo (imvamisa izimpande) bese isakazeka kuso sonke isitshalo. Le ndlela isebenza kuphela ezitshalweni ongazibona, ngakho-ke ayivimbeli.
Akudingeki ukhathazeke ngamakhemikhali e-systemic herbicide asele enhlabathini ngoba ayanyamalala lapho isitshalo sifa.
Yimaphi ama-herbicide angakhethi adumile?
1. I-Glyphosate
Isicelo: Isetshenziswa kakhulu ukulawula ukhula oluningi notshani kwezolimo, ukulima, nokulawula ukhula ezindaweni zokuhlala.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokumila lapho ukhula lukhula.
Indlela Yesenzo: Ivimbela i-enzyme i-EPSP synthase, edingekayo ukuze kuhlanganiswe ama-amino acid abalulekile ezitshalweni, okuholela ekufeni kwezitshalo.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide engakhethi.
2. I-Diquat
Isicelo: Ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula emanzini nasekulungiseni amasimu ngaphambi kokutshala. Iphinde isetshenziselwe desiccation izitshalo ngaphambi kokuvuna.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswe ngemuva kokuvela; isebenza ngokushesha okukhulu.
Indlela Yesenzo: Iphazamisa i-photosynthesis ngokukhiqiza izinhlobo zomoya-mpilo osebenzayo, okuholela ekulimaleni okusheshayo kwamangqamuzana nokufa.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide engakhethi.
3. I-Glufosinate
Isicelo: Isetshenziselwa ukulawula inqwaba yokhula kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi izitshalo ezishintshwe izakhi ukuze zimelane nalo.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswa ngemuva kokumila lapho ukhula lukhula.
Indlela Yesenzo: Ivimbela i-enzyme ye-glutamine synthetase, okuholela ekuqongeleleni kwe-ammonia ezicutshini zezitshalo nokufa kwezitshalo.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide engakhethi.
4. I-Paraquat
Isicelo: Isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula notshani ezindaweni eziningi zezolimo nezingezona ezokulima. Ngenxa yobuthi bayo obuphezulu, ukusetshenziswa kwayo kulawulwa kakhulu.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswe ngemuva kokuvela; isebenza ngokushesha okukhulu.
Indlela Yesenzo: Iphazamisa i-photosynthesis ngokukhiqiza izinhlobo zomoya-mpilo osebenzayo, okubangela ukulimala kwamangqamuzana nokufa kwezitshalo ngokushesha.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide engakhethi.
5. Imazapyr
Isicelo: Isetshenziselwa ukulwa nokhula oluningi lwaminyaka yonke nolungapheli, izihlahla nezihlahla. Ngokuvamile kusetshenziswe kumasayithi wezimboni, amalungelo endlela, namahlathi.
Isikhathi: Kungasetshenziswa kokubili ngaphambi nangemuva kokuvela.
Indlela Yesenzo: Ivimbela i-enzyme i-acetolactate synthase (ALS), ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni kwama-amino acid e-branched-chain, okuholela ekufeni kwezitshalo.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide engakhethi.
6. I-Pelargonic acid
Isicelo: Isetshenziselwa ukushiswa ngokushesha kwezimila futhi idumile ekulimeni okuphilayo kanye nasengadini njengoba isuselwa ezitshalweni.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswe ngemuva kokuvela; isebenza ngokushesha.
Indlela Yesenzo: Iphazamisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli, okuholela ekuqedweni ngokushesha kwezicubu zezitshalo.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide engakhethi.
7. Uviniga (Acetic Acid)
Isicelo: Isetshenziswa njenge-herbicide yemvelo, engakhethi ekwelapheni amabala ukhula ezingadini nasetshanini.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswe ngemuva kokuvela; ukugxila okuphezulu (imvamisa u-20% noma ngaphezulu) kusebenza kakhulu.
Indlela Yesenzo: Yehlisa i-pH yesitshalo, ibangele ukulimala kwamangqamuzana kanye ne-desiccation.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide engakhethi.
8. Usawoti (Sodium Chloride)
Isicelo: Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana noviniga noma ezinye izinto zemvelo ekwelapheni amabala okhula. Ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kungaholela ezinkingeni zosawoti womhlaba.
Isikhathi: Kusetshenziswe ngemuva kokuvela.
Indlela Yesenzo: Iphazamisa ibhalansi ye-osmotic kumaseli ezitshalo, okubangela ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokufa.
Uhlobo: I-herbicide engakhethi.
Ngayinye yale michiza yokubulala ukhula engakhethi inezinhlelo ezithile zokusebenza neziqondiso zokusebenzisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulawulwa kokhula ngempumelelo kuyilapho kunciphisa ukulimala okungaba khona ezitshalweni ezifiselekayo kanye nemvelo. Amasu okusebenza afanelekile kanye nezinyathelo zokuphepha kubalulekile lapho usebenzisa le mikhiqizo.
Ngiyisebenzisa kanjani le mithi yokubulala ukhula?
Ufuna ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi uyakwazi ukusebenzisa inketho ngayinye ukuze uqinisekise imiphumela ehamba phambili.
Imithi yokubulala ukhula iyakhetha ukuvimbela ukhula ukuthi lungakhuli, futhi ungayisebenzisa ngaphambi kokuba luqhamuke. Ukusebenzisa ama-herbicides ngasekupheleni kobusika nasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kungaba yinzuzo.
Uma uke wabona izimpawu zokhula, ungasebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi umuthi okhetha ukhula ngemva kokuhluma. Amaqabunga awumunca futhi amakhemikhali asakazeka lapho. Sebenzisa le herbicide entwasahlobo, lapho izitshalo zisencane futhi zisengozini.
Ngama-herbicides angakhethi, ukuqapha kubalulekile uma kunezinye izitshalo ezidinga ukuvikelwa. Ukuze usule insimu ukuze utshale, ungafafaza ama-herbicides njengoba kudingeka, kodwa qaphela ukwelapha ngezihloko eduze komgwaqo.
Khumbula ukuthi imithi yokubulala ukhula (ikakhulukazi engakhethi) inobuthi obuyingozi kubantu nasezifuyweni. Gwema ukuzifaka esikhumbeni sakho nasezimpahleni zakho.
Yimuphi umuthi okufanele ngiwukhethe?
Khetha umuthi ongakhethi uma ufuna umuthi osebenza ngokushesha ozokusiza ukuthi uhlanze insimu noma ingadi yakho ngaphambi kokutshala izitshalo ozifisayo. Khumbula ukuthi lesi akuwona umuthi ohlala isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke uzodinga ukuwusebenzisa futhi ngonyaka olandelayo ukuze ususe ukhula.
Sebenzisa isibulala-khula esikhethiwe uma ufuna ukukwazi ukuqeda ukhula nezinye izimila ezihlaselayo ngaphandle kokulimaza izitshalo zakho noma izitshalo ofuna ukuzigcina.
FAQ
Iyini i-herbicide ekhethiwe?
I-herbicide ekhethiwe wuhlobo lwesibulala-khula olubulala kuphela ukhula oluthile ngaphandle kokuthinta ezinye izitshalo.
Uyini umuthi wokubulala ukhula ongakhethi?
Umuthi ongakhethi yilowo obulala zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo, hhayi nje ukhula oluthile.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwemithi yokubulala ukhula ekhethiwe nengakhethi?
Imithi yokubulala ukhula ihlose kuphela izinhlobo ezithile zokhula futhi ayithinti ezinye izitshalo, kuyilapho izibulala-khula ezingakhethi zibulala zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo.
Ingabe imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi ibulala utshani?
Yebo, imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi izobulala bonke utshani.
Ngiwasebenzisa kanjani ama-herbicides akhethiwe?
Ama-herbicides akhethiwe kufanele asetshenziswe ngokulandela imiyalelo yelebula, ezimeni zezulu ezifanele nalapho ukhula oluhlosiwe lukhula ngokuqhubekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kahle nokuphepha.
Kusetshenziswa nini ama-herbicides akhethiwe?
Ama-herbicides akhethiwe ngokuvamile asetshenziswa lapho ukhula oluhlosiwe lusesigabeni sokukhula ngokushesha ukuze uthole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
Kungani abalimi bekhetha ukusebenzisa ama-herbicides akhethiwe?
Abalimi bakhetha ukusebenzisa ama-herbicides akhethiwe ukuze balawule ngempumelelo ukhula ngaphandle kokulimaza izitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela bathuthukise isivuno nekhwalithi yezitshalo.
Ingabe i-2,4-D iyisibulala-khula esikhethiwe?
Yebo, i-2,4-D isibulala-khula esikhethiwe esisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ukulawula ukhula lwamaqabunga abanzi.
Ingabe i-atrazine iyi-herbicide ekhethiwe?
Yebo, i-atrazine iyisibulala-khula esikhethiwe esivame ukusetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi nolunye ukhula lotshani.
Ingabe i-glyphosate iyi-herbicide ekhethiwe?
Cha. I-Glyphosate isibulala-khula esingakhethi esizobulala zonke izitshalo.
Ingabe i-paraquat iyisibulala-khula esikhethiwe?
Cha. I-Paraquat iwumuthi wokubulala ukhula ongakhethi ozobulala zonke izitshalo ehlangana nazo.
Ingabe i-baking soda ithathwa njenge-herbicide engakhethi?
Cha, i-baking soda ngokuvamile ayisetshenziswa njengomuthi ongakhethi.
Ingabe imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi ibulala utshani?
Yebo, imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi izobulala utshani.
Ingabe ama-herbicide angakhethi ayingozi kuma-box turtles?
Imithi yokubulala ukhula engakhethi ingaba yingozi ezimfuduni nakwezinye izilwane zasendle futhi kufanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha.
Yimaphi ama-herbicides akhethayo abulala i-chickweed?
I-herbicide ekhethiwe equkethe i-flumetsulfuron noma i-ethoxyfluorfen ingasebenza ngempumelelo ekulawuleni i-chickweed.
Yimiphi imithi yokubulala ukhula ebulala ukhula oluyisipoki lwaseJapane?
I-herbicide ekhethiwe equkethe i-flusulfuron iyasebenza ekulawuleni i-ghostweed yaseJapane.
Ingabe ama-herbicides akhethiwe azoyibulala i-centipedegrass?
Eminye imithi yokubulala ukhula ingase ibulale i-centipedegrass, kodwa ilebula idinga ukuhlolwa ukuze kutholakale ukuthi iyasebenza yini.
Ingabe ama-herbicides akhethiwe azolimaza izithelo ezihlahleni zezithelo?
Imithi eminingi yokubulala ukhula ayiyingozi esithelweni, kodwa kusafanele isetshenziswe ngokuqapha ukugwema ukuthintana ngqo nezithelo.
Imaphi ama-herbicides akhethiwe angasetshenziswa ku-periwinkle enwabuzelayo?
Izibulala-zinambuzane ezikhethiwe ezifana ne-flumetsulfuron zingasebenza ngempumelelo ekulawuleni ukhula ku-periwinkle emincane elandelanayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-31-2024
