Ukhula lwaminyaka yonke yizitshalo eziqeda umjikelezo wazo wokuphila—kusuka ekuhlumeni kuya ekukhiqizeni imbewu nasekufeni—phakathi nonyaka owodwa. Zingahlukaniswa zibe unyaka wasehlobo kanye nonyaka wasebusika ngokusekelwe ezinkathini zazo ezikhulayo. Nazi izibonelo ezivamile:
Ukhula Lonyaka Wasehlobo
Ukhula lwaminyaka yonke lwasehlobo luhluma entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lukhule phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele, futhi lukhiqize imbewu ngaphambi kokufa ekwindla.
I-Common Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
I-Ambrosia artemisiifolia, enamagama avamile i-ragweed, i-ragweed yonyaka, ne-ragweed ephansi, iwuhlobo lohlobo lwe-Ambrosia oluzalelwa ezifundeni zaseMelika.
Ibuye ibizwe ngamagama ajwayelekile: umhlonyane waseMelika, i-bitterweed, i-blackweed, ukhula lwe-carrot, ukhula lwe-hay fever, umhlonyane wamaRoma, i-ragweed emfushane, i-stammerwort, i-stickweed, ukhula lwentshakaza.
Incazelo: Inamaqabunga ajule futhi ikhiqiza izimbali ezincane eziluhlaza eziphenduka imbewu efana ne-burr.
Indawo yokuhlala: Itholakala enhlabathini ephazamisekile, emasimini nasemaceleni emigwaqo.
I-Lambsquarters (i-albhamu ye-Chenopodium)
Icwecwe leChenopodium isitshalo esikhula ngokushesha saminyaka yonke emndenini wezitshalo eziqhakaza i-Amaranthaceae. Nakuba silinywa kwezinye izindawo, lesi sitshalo kwenye indawo sibhekwa njengokhula. Amagama avamile ahlanganisa izindawo zokuhlala zewundlu, i-melde, i-goosefoot, isipinashi sasendle kanye ne-fat-hen, nakuba lezi ezimbili zokugcina zisetshenziselwa ezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Chenopodium, yingakho ngokuvamile zihlukaniswa njenge-goosefoot emhlophe.I-albhamu ye-Chenopodium ilinywa kakhulu futhi iyadliwa. eNyakatho yeNdiya, naseNepal njengesilimo sokudla esaziwa ngokuthi i-bathua.
Incazelo: Isitshalo esiqondile esinamaqabunga enziwe nge-mealy, ngokuvamile esinoqweqwe olumhlophe ngaphansi.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ikhula ezingadini, emasimini nasezindaweni eziphazamisekile.
I-Pigweed (Amaranthus spp.)
I-Pigweed yigama elivamile leminyaka eminingana ehlobene eduze yasehlobo eseye yaba ukhula olukhulu lwezitshalo zemifino kanye nemigqa kulo lonke elase-United States nasemhlabeni wonke. Iningi lama-pigweeds yizitshalo ezinde, eziqondile kuya esihlahleni ezinamahlamvu alula amise okwedayimane, amise okwedayimane, ashintshana, kanye namaqoqo ezimbali aminyene (amaqoqo ezimbali) ahlanganiswe izimbali eziningi ezincane eziluhlaza okotshani. Ziyavela, zikhule, ziqhakaze, zibeke imbewu, futhi ziyafa phakathi nenkathi yokukhula engenasithwathwa.
Incazelo: Izitshalo ezinamahlamvu abanzi anezimbali ezincane eziluhlaza noma ezibomvu; ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezifana ne-redroot pigweed kanye ne-pigweed ebushelelezi.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ivamile emasimini ezolimo kanye nenhlabathi ephazamisekile.
I-Crabgrass (Digitaria spp.)
I-Crabgrass, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa ngokuthi i-watergrass, ukhula olunotshani lwaminyaka yonke lwenkathi efudumele oluvame kakhulu e-Iowa. I-Crabgrass ihluma entwasahlobo uma izinga lokushisa lomhlabathi lifinyelela ku-55°F izinsuku ezine eziqondile nobusuku obuqondile, futhi izofa nesimo sezulu esipholile nesithwathwa ekwindla. I-Iowa inazo zombili i-Digitaria ischaemum (i-crabgrass ebushelelezi, iziqu ezibushelelezi ezingenaboya ezinoboya lapho kuhlangana khona isiqu neqabunga) kanye ne-Digitaria sanguinalis (i-crabgrass enkulu, iziqu namaqabunga aqukethe uboya).
Incazelo: Isitshalo esinjengotshani esineziqu ezinde, ezizacile eziphuma emaqhugwaneni; inamakhanda embewu afana nomunwe.
Indawo yokuhlala: Itholakala otshanini, ezingadini nasezindaweni zokulima.
I-Foxtail (Setaria spp.)
Incazelo: Utshani obunamakhanda embewu ayi-bristly, cylindrical; ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezifana nomsila wempungushe omkhulu kanye nomsila wempungushe oluhlaza.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ivamile emasimini, ezingadini nasezindaweni ezilahlwayo.
Ukhula Lonyaka Wasebusika
Ukhula lwaminyaka yonke lwasebusika luqhuma ekwindla, ubusika bube yizithombo, lukhule entwasahlobo, futhi lukhiqize imbewu ngaphambi kokufa ekuqaleni kwehlobo.
I-Chickweed (i-Stellaria media)
Incazelo: Isitshalo esikhula kancane esinezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe ezimise okwenkanyezi namaqabunga abushelelezi, amise okweqanda.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ivamile ezingadini, otshanini, nasezindaweni ezimanzi, ezinomthunzi.
I-Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule)
Incazelo: Isitshalo esinesiqu esiyisikwele esinamaqabunga aluhlaza kanye nezimbali ezincane, ezipinki ukuya kokunsomi.
Indawo yokuhlala: Itholakala ezingadini, otshanini, nasenhlabathini ephazamisekile.
I-Bittercress Enezinwele (Cardamine hirsuta)
Incazelo: Isitshalo esincane esinamaqabunga ahlukene kancanyana nezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ikhula ezingadini, otshanini, nasezindaweni ezinomswakama.
Isikhwama Somalusi (Capsella bursa-pastoris)
Incazelo: Tshala enonxantathu, imidumba yembewu efana nesikhwama nezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe.
Indawo yokuhlala: Ivamile enhlabathini ephazamisekile, izingadi, nasemaceleni emigwaqo.
I-Bluegrass Yonyaka (Poa annua)
Incazelo: Utshani obukhula kancane obunamaqabunga athambile, aluhlaza ngokukhanyayo kanye nomkhuba wokukhula okunamaqhuqhuva; ikhiqiza amakhanda embewu amancane, afana ne-spike.
Indawo yokuhlala: Itholakala otshanini, izingadi, nasezinkundleni zegalofu.
Imiphi imithi yokubulala ukhula engasetshenziswa ukubulala lolu khula?
Uhlobo olujwayelekile lwesibulala-khula olusetshenziswa ukususa ukhula lwaminyaka yonke yiloluXhumana nama-herbicides. (Iyini i-herbicide yokuxhumana?)
Imithi yokubulala ukhula iwuhlobo oluthile lwesibulala-khula olubulala kuphela izingxenye zesitshalo ezihlangana nazo ngqo. Awanyakazi (adlulise) phakathi kwesitshalo ukuze afinyelele kwezinye izingxenye ezifana nezimpande noma amahlumela. Ngenxa yalokhu, le michiza yokubulala ukhula iphumelela kakhulu okhulani lwaminyaka yonke futhi ayisebenzi kahle entweniisikhathi esideizitshalo ezinezimpande ezibanzi.
Izibonelo Zokuthintana Nemithi Yokubulala Ukhula
I-Paraquat:
Indlela Yesenzo: Ivimbela i-photosynthesis ngokukhiqiza izinhlobo ze-oksijini ezisebenzayo ezibangela ukulimala kolwelwesi lwamaseli.
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa kakhulu kwezolimo ekulawuleni ukhula ezitshalweni ezahlukene nasezindaweni ezingalimi. Isebenza kahle kakhulu kodwa inobuthi kakhulu, idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela.
I-Diquat:
Indlela Yesenzo: Ngokufana ne-paraquat, iphazamisa i-photosynthesis futhi ibangele ukulimala kolwelwesi lwamaseli ngokushesha.
Ukusetshenziswa: Isetshenziselwa ukuqeda izitshalo ngaphambi kokuvuna, ekulawuleni ukhula emanzini, nasekulawuleni izimila ezimbonini.
I-Pelargonic acid:
Indlela Yesenzo: Iphazamisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli okubangela ukuvuza nokufa kwamaseli ngokushesha.
Ukusetshenziswa: Okujwayelekile ekulimeni kwemvelo nasekulimeni izingadi ukuze kulawulwe amaqabunga abanzi kanye nokhula olunotshani. Ayinabuthi obuncane kubantu nasezilwaneni uma iqhathaniswa nama-synthetic contact herbicides.
Ukusetshenziswa:
Imithi yokubulala ukhula isetshenziselwa ukulawula ngokushesha, ngempumelelo ukhula lwaminyaka yonke.
Avame ukuqashwa ezimeni lapho kudingeka ukulawula ukhula ngokushesha, njengalapho kufakwe isicelo ngaphambi kokuvuna noma ukususa amasimu ngaphambi kokutshala.
Asetshenziswa nasezindaweni ezingalinyiwe njengezizinda zezimboni, eduze kwemigwaqo, nasezindaweni zasemadolobheni lapho kudingeka khona ukulawulwa okuphelele kwezitshalo.
Isivinini Sesenzo:
Le mithi yokubulala ukhula ivamise ukusebenza ngokushesha, nezimpawu ezibonakalayo zivele emahoreni ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemva kokufakwa.
Ukususwa ngokushesha kanye nokufa kwezingxenye zezitshalo okuxhunywe kuzo kuvamile.
Indlela Yesenzo:
Thinta ama-herbicides asebenza ngokulimaza noma ukucekela phansi izicubu zezitshalo ezithintayo. Ukuphazamiseka kwenzeka ngokujwayelekile ngokuphazamiseka kwe-membrane, ukuvinjwa kwe-photosynthesis, noma ukuphazanyiswa kwezinye izinqubo zamaselula.
Izinzuzo:
Isenzo Esisheshayo: Isusa ngokushesha ukhula olubonakalayo.
Imiphumela Esheshayo: Iwusizo ezimweni ezidinga ukususwa kokhula ngokushesha.
Insalela Yenhlabathi Encane: Kaningi ayiqhubeki endaweni ezungezile, okuyenza ibe yisinqumo esihle sokulawula ukhula ngaphambi kokutshala.
Siyi-aumphakeli we-weedkiller ozinze e-China. Uma ungaqiniseki ngendlela yokubhekana nokhula, singakuncoma imithi yokubulala ukhula futhi sikuthumelele amasampula amahhala ukuze uzame. Sibheke ngabomvu ukuzwa kuwe!
Isikhathi sokuthumela: May-15-2024
