Izimpawu zezingozi zokubola
Isifo sokubola sihlasela kakhulu izihlahla zezithelo ezineminyaka engaphezu kweyisi-6 ubudala. Lapho isihlahla sikhula, izithelo ziba ziningi, kuba khona isifo esibi kakhulu sokubola. Lesi sifo sithinta kakhulu isiqu namagatsha amakhulu. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu ezivamile:
(1) Uhlobo lwesilonda esijulile: okubomvu-nsundu, okunamabala amanzi, aphakeme kancane, amachashaza ezifo ayindilinga kuya kwe-oblong avela ikakhulukazi eziqwini zezihlahla, emagatsheni nasemagxolweni. Ukuthungwa kwendawo yesifo sasentwasahlobo kuthambile, kulula ukudabula, ukucindezelwa kwesandla, nokuphuma kwejusi eliphuzi elinsundu, elinokunambitheka kwelees. Ehlobo, njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, indawo iyancipha, unqenqema lunemifantu, futhi isikhumba sikhula amachashazi amancane amnyama. Lapho emanzi, amachashaza amancane amnyama akhipha izintambo ezisagolide.
(2) Uhlobo lwesilonda esingaphezulu: ikakhulukazi kwenzeka ehlobo, ekuqaleni kwesifo, kukhona amabala abomvu-nsundu kancane, anomswakama kancane ku-cortex. Unqenqema alucocekile, ngokuvamile lungamasentimitha angu-2 kuya kwangu-3 ukujula, ubukhulu bezipikili bufinyelela emashumini amasentimitha, ngokukhula koqweqwe lwesifo kwanda kancane kancane, i-plaque yabonakala ibola. Esigabeni sakamuva sesifo, indawo yomile futhi ishwabene ibe yisimo sekhekhe. Isilonda siqala ekwindla ngasekupheleni.
(3) Uhlobo lwe-branch blight: ikakhulukazi eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemi-5 yegatsha elikhulu, isigaba sokuqala sesifo, unqenqema lwegatsha alucacile amachashazi ansundu ngokumpunga, indawo ayivuki, ayibonisi amabala amanzi, ukukhula kwesifo, indawo ezungeze isiqu ngemva kwesonto, okuholela endaweni engaphezulu kokulahlekelwa kwamanzi futhi yomile, esimweni esimanzi samachashazi amnyama aminyene.
Umthetho wezenzeko
Ibhaktheriya ye-pathogenic edala isifo sokubola kwesihlahla sezithelo ibizwa ngokuthi i-apula melanoderma, eyingxenye yesikhunta se-acomyces subphylum. I-ascus yakha ekwindla. I-Ascospore engenambala, iseli elilodwa. Isizukulwane se-asexual sibizwa nge-Musa sinensis, okuyingxenye ye-subphylum mycetosis. Ukwakha i-conidium ngaphansi kwamagxolo. Ubusika obuningi ezicutshini ezigulayo ezine-mycelium kanye nemizimba engavuthiwe enezithelo. Lesi sifo saqala ngo-April wonyaka olandelayo, lapho izinga lokushisa lingaphezu kuka-10 ℃ futhi umswakama ohlobene ungaphezu kuka-60%, lesi sifo siqala ukwenzeka, lapho izinga lokushisa lingama-24 ~ 28 ℃ futhi umswakama ohlobene ungaphezu kuka-90%, uphondo lwe-condial. ingakhiqizwa emahoreni ama-2. Lesi sifo senzeka izikhathi ezimbili eziphakeme kakhulu ngonyaka. Okusho ukuthi, ngo-March kuya ku-April no-August kuya ku-September, intwasahlobo inzima kune-autumn. Uma isihlahla siqinile futhi isimo somsoco sisihle, isifo sithambile. Lapho isihlahla sibuthakathaka, ukuntuleka komanyolo isomiso, izithelo ngokweqile, isifo esibi.
Isingeniso Ekhemisi
Le ejentii-tebuconazole, okuyi-triazole fungicide, evimbela ngokuyinhloko i-demethylation ye-ergosterol kulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana amagciwane e-pathogenic, ukuze i-pathogen ingakwazi ukwakha ulwelwesi lwamaseli, ngaleyo ndlela ibulale amagciwane e-pathogenic. Inezici ze-spectrum ye-bactericidal ebanzi, umphumela ohlala isikhathi eside kanye nokumuncwa okuhle kwesistimu. Inemisebenzi yokuvikela, yokwelapha kanye nokuqeda izifo, futhi ingavimbela ukuhlasela kwemvula namagciwane, futhi ikhuthaze ukuphulukiswa kwezicubu zamanxeba nokusikeka.
isici esiyinhloko
(1) Ububanzi be-bactericidal spectrum:I-Tebuconazoleayikwazi nje ukuvimbela nokwelapha ukubola, kodwa futhi ukuvimbela nokwelapha izifo ezihlukahlukene ezifana leaf spot, indawo ensundu, powdery isikhutha, isifo indandatho, eliphakathi kwe uqweqwe, amagilebhisi ukubola okumhlophe nokunye.
(2) Ukusebenza kahle kwesistimu:I-Tebuconazoleingamuncwa ama-rhizomes, amaqabunga nezinye izingxenye zezitshalo, futhi idluliselwe ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zesitshalo nge-phloem ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokulawula izifo ngokuphelele.
(3) Umphumela ohlala isikhathi eside: Ngemvai-tebuconazoleimuncwa yiziqu namaqabunga, ingaba khona ezitshalweni isikhathi eside ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokubulala amagciwane ngokuqhubekayo. Ikakhulukazi, ukunamathisela kusetshenziselwa ukugcoba, futhi umuthi ogcotshwe ezilonda wenza ungqimba lwefilimu yomuthi, engawi, imelana nokukhanya kwelanga, imvula kanye ne-air oxidation, futhi ingadlala ngokuqhubekayo imiphumela yokuvimbela kanye nokwelapha umuthi phakathi nonyaka owodwa. Ubude besikhathi sokufaneleka bungaba unyaka ongu-1, okunganciphisa kakhulu ukuvama komuthi kanye nezindleko zomuthi.
(4) Ukuvikela nokulawula okuphelele:I-Tebuconazoleinemisebenzi yokuvikela, yokwelapha kanye nokuqeda, futhi inomphumela omuhle wokubulala amagciwane ebusweni bezilonda kanye nama-bacteria angaphakathi, futhi ukulawula kuphelele.
Izitshalo ezisebenzayo
I-ejenti ingasetshenziswa ezihlahleni ezihlukahlukene ezifana nama-apula, ama-walnuts, amapentshisi, ama-cherries, amapheya, ama-crabapples, ama-hawthorns, ama-poplar kanye neminyezane.
into yokuvimbela
Ingasetshenziselwa ukuvimbela nokwelapha ukubola, umdlavuza, isifo sendandatho, ukugeleza kwezinsini, ukugeleza kwamagxolo, njll.
Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula
(1) Ukuphathwa kwesayensi: Ukuthuthukisa amandla esihlahla nokuthuthukisa ukumelana nezifo zesihlahla kuyisinyathelo esiyisisekelo sokuvimbela nokulawula ukubola kwesihlahla sama-apula. Yenza umsebenzi omuhle wokunciphisa izimbali nezithelo, ukulayisha okunengqondo, ukuvimbela ukuvela konyaka omncane, ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo ophilayo, umanyolo wokunisela ngesikhathi esifanele, ukuvimbela ukuguga kwesihlahla sezithelo ngaphambi kwesikhathi, njll., kungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukuvela kwesifo sokubola.
(2) Ukulawulwa kwemithi: Ukulawulwa kwemithi kuyindlela yokulawula ephumelela kakhulu, futhi ama-ejenti okuvimbela nokwelapha ukubola mahle kakhulu. Ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokuhlolwa, umphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuvimbela nokwelashwa yi-pentazolol.I-Tebuconazoleinokungena okuqinile, ukumuncwa okuhle kwangaphakathi, ingamuncwa yiziqu namaqabunga, futhi iqhutshwe emzimbeni, nge-xylem ukuze idlulisele i-ejenti ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zesihlahla sezithelo. Inomphumela wokuvikela, ukwelapha nokuqeda isifo sokubola, futhi umphumela mude, futhi udinga kuphela ukusetshenziswa kanye ngonyaka.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-31-2023
