Kwezolimo, izibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-khula azisizi nje kuphela abalimi ukwandisa isivuno kodwa futhi zilawula izinambuzane nokhula ngempumelelo. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobonhlobo zezibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-khula ezinezithako ezihlukene emakethe. Lesi sihloko sizocubungula lolu daba ngokuningiliziwe, siveze isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane ezinezithako ezahlukene kanye nezicelo zazo ezithile.
Umehluko kokuhlosiwe
Izinambuzane ezihlukene kanye nezinhlobo zokhula zinokuzwela okuhlukile kuma-ejenti. Isibonelo, i-glyphosate iyasebenza ngokumelene nezinhlobonhlobo zokhula, kuyilapho i-nicosulfuron isetshenziselwa ukulawula ukhula lotshani. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kwenza kube semqoka kubalimi ukukhetha i-ejenti efanele yesimo ukuze bathole imiphumela engcono kakhulu.
Izindlela eziningi zokwenza
Izibulala-zinambuzane zisebenza ngobuthi esiswini, ubuthi ngokuthinta, ukufutha, i-endosorption, njll. Izibulala-zinambuzane zisebenza ngokuphazamisa ibhalansi yamahomoni ezitshalo, zicekele phansi i-photosynthesis, nezinye izimiso ezihlukene. Isibonelo, ama-insecticide e-gastric adinga ukugwinya izinambuzane, kanti ama-insecticide athinta kuphela adinga ukuxhumana nezinambuzane ukuze asebenze.
Ukuphepha
Ukuphepha kuwukucatshangelwa okubalulekile lapho kukhethwa ama-insecticide nama-herbicides. Ezinye izithako ziphephile uma kuqhathaniswa futhi azilimazi kangako imvelo kanye nezilwanyana ezingahlosiwe, kuyilapho ezinye zingase zibe nobuthi kakhulu, kodwa imiphumela yazo yokubulala izinambuzane noma yokubulala ukhula isebenza kangcono ezimweni ezithile. Ngakho-ke, abalimi kudingeka benze ukukhetha ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokusebenzisa kanye nezidingo zokuphepha.
Ukumelana
Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwama-insecticide anesithako esisodwa noma ama-herbicides kungaholela ekuthuthukisweni kokumelana nezinambuzane noma ukhula. Ukuze ubambezele ukukhula kokumelana, ukujikeleza noma ukuxuba ukusetshenziswa kwezithako ezahlukene kuyindlela ephumelelayo. Lokhu akugcini nje ukuthuthukisa ukulawula, kodwa futhi kwandisa impilo yesevisi yamakhemikhali.
Izici zezitshalo
Izitshalo ziyahlukahluka ekubekezeleleni kwazo amakhemikhali. Ezinye izithako zokubulala ukhula zingase ziphephe kwezinye izitshalo futhi zibe yingozi kwezinye. Isibonelo, izithako ezithile ziphephile ukolweni kodwa zingase zibe ubuthi emmbila. Ngakho-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha isithako se-herbicide esifanele esitshalweni esithile.
Izimo zemvelo zokusetshenziswa
Izici zemvelo ezifana nezinga lokushisa, umswakama, nokuthungwa kwenhlabathi kungathinta ukusebenza kahle kwe-ejenti kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinambuzane. Izithako ezithile zingase zifaneleke kangcono ezimweni ezithile zemvelo. Isibonelo, ama-insecticide athile angase angasebenzi kahle ezimweni ezishisayo, kuyilapho ama-herbicide athile angase asebenze kangcono ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu.
Izidingo Zesikhathi Esisele
Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukuba ukhethe izithako ezinesikhathi esifushane sokusala ukuze unciphise umthelela ezitshalweni ezilandelayo, kanti kwezinye izimo, izithako ezinesikhathi eside sensalela zingase zifaneleke kangcono ukulawula izinkinga zokhula zesikhathi eside. Isibonelo, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yokubulala ukhula enesikhathi eside esalayo ezinsimini kunganciphisa ukuhluma kabusha kokhula, ngaleyo ndlela kwehlise izindleko zabasebenzi.
Izithako Ezivamile Zokubulala Izinambuzane
Izidakamizwa ze-Organochlorine
Izibulala-zinambuzane ze-Organochlorine ziyizibulala-zinambuzane ezinomlando omude wokusebenza kahle kanye nobubanzi obubanzi. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yemvelo yazo yesikhathi eside eyinsalela endaweni kanye nobuthi ezinto eziphilayo ezingahlosiwe, ukusetshenziswa kwazo manje sekwehliswe kakhulu.
Ama-Organophosphates
Ama-insecticide e-Organophosphorus ayikilasi elisetshenziswa kabanzi lama-insecticide anobuthi obuphezulu kanye nemiphumela emihle yokubulala izinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, lawa ma-ejenti anobuthi obukhulu kubantu nasezilwaneni, futhi adinga ukunakwa okukhethekile ekuvikelweni kokuphepha lapho esetshenziswa.
Carbamates
Ama-insecticide e-Carbamate ayasebenza kakhulu futhi ayashesha, futhi ayasebenza ezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane. Ubuthi bazo obuncane kanye nomthelela ophansi kwezemvelo kubenza babe ukukhetha okufiseleka kakhulu.
Ama-Pyrethroids
Ama-insecticide e-pyrethroid akhishwa futhi ahlanganiswe kuma-pyrethroids emvelo futhi abonakala ngokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, ubuthi obuphansi kanye ne-spectrum ebanzi. Lezi zibulala-zinambuzane azihambisani nemvelo futhi zinomthelela omncane ezintweni ezingahlosiwe.
Izithako Ezijwayelekile Zokubulala Ukhula
I-Phenoxycarboxylic acid
Ama-Phenoxycarboxylic acid herbicides asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela nokulawula ukhula olunamaqabunga abanzi, ngokukhetha okungcono kanye nobuthi obuphansi, angenye yezithako ezivamile zokubulala ukhula.
I-Benzoic acid
Ama-benzoic acid herbicides afinyelela umphumela wokubulala ukhula ngokuphazamisa ibhalansi yamahomoni ezitshalo, futhi asetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela nokulawula ukhula lotshani. Ziyakwazi ukukhetha okuhle futhi ziphephile ezitshalweni.
I-Diphenyl ether
Ama-herbicide e-Diphenyl ether abulala ukhula ngokuyinhloko ngokuvimbela i-photosynthesis futhi abe nemiphumela eqinile yokulawula ukhula, kodwa angase abe ubuthi ezitshalweni ezithile futhi adinga ukusetshenziswa ngokuqapha.
I-Triazobenzene
Imithi yokubulala ukhula i-Triazobenzene ibulala ukhula ngokuphazamisa i-photosynthesis nama-hormone okukhula ezitshalo, futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekulawuleni ukhula ezitshalweni ezihlukahlukene.
Izinyathelo zokuphepha zokusetshenziswa
Uma usebenzisa ama-insecticide noma ama-herbicides, kuyadingeka ukulandela ngokuqinile imiyalelo yomkhiqizo nemithethonqubo efanele ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inhloso yokulawula ifinyelelwa ngendlela ephephile nephumelelayo, kanye nokunciphisa imiphumela emibi emvelweni nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo.
Imithelela yemvelo
Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwama-insecticide kanye nama-herbicide akukwazi nje ukuthuthukisa umphumela wokulawula, kodwa futhi kunciphise umthelela omubi emvelweni. Ibhalansi ye-ecosystem ingavikelwa futhi ukulimala kwezinto ezingahlosiwe kungancishiswa ngokusebenzisa izindlela zesayensi zokusebenzisa.
Ukuzungezisa ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo
Ukuze uvimbele ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa kokumelana, kunconywa ukushintshanisa ngokunengqondo ukusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti anezingqikithi ezahlukene. Lokhu ngeke nje kwandise isikhathi sokusebenza kwamakhemikhali, kodwa futhi kuzothuthukisa umphumela wokulawula futhi kuqinisekise intuthuko esimeme yokukhiqizwa kwezolimo.
Iseluleko sochwepheshe
Uma unemibuzo mayelana nokubunjwa noma ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali athile, kuyanconywa ukuthi uxhumane nochwepheshe bezolimo. Banganikeza iseluleko sesayensi ngakunye ukuze basize abalimi ukuba benze ukukhetha okungcono kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Kafushane, ama-insecticide kanye nama-herbicides anezinhlanganisela ezahlukene aklanyelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezahlukene futhi aphendule ezimeni ezahlukene. Ukukhetha nokusetshenziswa ngendlela efanele kwalezi ejenti akugcini nje ngokuthuthukisa ukulawula, kodwa futhi kuvikela imvelo futhi kukhuthaze ezolimo ezisimeme.
imibuzo ejwayelekile ukubuzwa
1. Ungakhetha kanjani isibulala-zinambuzane esifanelekile noma isibulala-zinambuzane?
Ukukhethwa kwama-ejenti afanelekile kusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zezinambuzane noma zokhula, izici zezitshalo kanye nezimo zemvelo, kuyilapho kubhekwa ukuphepha nokulawula ukumelana.
2. Indlela yokuxazulula inkinga yokumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane noma ukhula?
Ngokuzungezisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-ejenti anezingoma ezihlukene, ukuvela kokumelana kungabambezeleka ngokuphumelelayo futhi umphumela wokulawula ungathuthukiswa.
3. Uyini umthelela wezibulala-zinambuzane nezibulala-khula endaweni ezungezile?
Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo kunganciphisa umthelela ongemuhle endaweni ezungezile, kodwa ukusebenzisa kabi kungase kubangele ukungcoliswa nokulimala ezintweni ezingahlosiwe.
4. Izitshalo zingavikeleka kanjani kumakhemikhali?
Khetha izithako eziphephile ezitshalweni futhi ulandele izikhombisi-ndlela eduze ukuze ugweme ukweqisa.
5. Angalawulwa kanjani imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane noma izibulala-zinambuzane?
Imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kufanele ilawulwe ngokunengqondo ngokuya ngesimo esithile kanye nezidingo zokulawula, futhi ugweme ukuthembela ngokweqile kumenzeli oyedwa.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-08-2024
