Izinambuzane azikwazi nje ukubhubhisa ukukhula kwerayisi, kodwa futhi zidlulisela izifo ezingaholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwesivuno kanye nekhwalithi. Ngakho-ke, izinyathelo ezisebenzayo zokulawula izinambuzane zelayisi zibalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulondeka kokudla. Lapha, sizochaza ukuthi singabhekana kanjani nezinambuzane ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula kwerayisi okufanele.
Umthelela wezinambuzane zelayisi ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo
Izinambuzane zelayisi zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu, okuhlanganisa i-rice fly, i-rice leaf borer, ne-rice weevil. Lezi zinambuzane zibangela imithelela emibi kakhulu ekukhuleni nasekukhuleni kwerayisi ngokumunca ubisi, ukuhlafuna amaqabunga nokucekela phansi izimpande. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinambuzane ziyakwazi ukudlulisa amagciwane abeka impilo yerayisi engozini.
Umonakalo obangelwa izinambuzane
Umthelela wokukhula kwerayisi
Imiphumela yezinambuzane ekukhuleni kwerayisi ibonakala ngokuyinhloko kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
Ukuncintisana kwezakhamzimba: Izinambuzane ziqhudelana ngokuqondile nerayisi ukuze zithole umsoco ngokumunca ubisi nokuhlafuna amaqabunga, okuholela ekungondlekeni.
Ukuncipha kwe-photosynthesis: Izinambuzane zibhubhisa amaqabunga elayisi, zinciphisa indawo ye-photosynthetic futhi zehlise ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthesis elayisi.
Ukubhujiswa kwesistimu yezimpande: Izinambuzane ezifana ne-rice weevil zizobhubhisa isimiso sezimpande zelayisi, kuthinte ikhono lelayisi lokumunca amanzi nomanyolo.
Ukudluliswa kwegciwane
Izinambuzane ezifana ne-rice weevil azilimazi kuphela irayisi, kodwa futhi zisebenza njenge-vector yamagciwane. Ngokuziphatha okuntinyelayo nokumunca kwempukane yerayisi, amagciwane angasakazeka ngokushesha kwezinye izitshalo zelayisi, okuholela ekuqubukeni okukhulu kwezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ezingase zibe nomthelela omubi empilweni kanye nesivuno serayisi.
Yehla ngesivuno kanye nekhwalithi
Ukulimala kwezinambuzane ekugcineni kungaholela ekwehleni okukhulu kwesivuno nekhwalithi yerayisi. Ilayisi elihlaselwe izinambuzane linezinhlamvu ezincane ezigcwele kanye nekhwalithi ephansi, okuthinta ngokuqondile izinzuzo zezomnotho zabalimi.
Izinhlobo Zezinambuzane Zerayisi
Ama-Planthoppers
I-Planthoppers iyisilokazana esimuncayo esisinda ngokumunca uketshezi lwerayisi. Lesi zinambuzane asigcini nje ngokubangela ukuthi irayisi libune, kodwa futhi sidlulisela izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezibeka impilo yerayisi engozini. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-rice fly, okuyi-brown fly ne-white-backed fly yizona ezivame kakhulu.
I-Rice Leaf Roller
Izibungu ze-Rice Leaf Roller ziluma amaqabunga elayisi futhi ziwagingqe zibe amasilinda, zinciphisa indawo ye-photosynthetic futhi zithinte ukukhula okuvamile kwerayisi. Lesi zinambuzane singenzeka kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwerayisi futhi sinomthelela omkhulu ekuvuthweni kwerayisi.
I-Rice Water Weevil
Izibungu ze-rice weevil ngokuyinhloko zidla izimpande zelayisi, zilimaza isimiso sezimpande futhi zinciphise ikhono lelayisi lokumunca amanzi nomanyolo, okuholela ekukhuleni okubi kwezitshalo. Abantu abadala badla amaqabunga elayisi, okubuye kube nomthelela ekukhuleni okuphelele kwerayisi.
I-Rice Armyworm
I-rice armyworm idla amaqabunga elayisi, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, iqabunga lonke liyadliwa, okuthinta i-photosynthesis nokukhiqizwa kwelayisi. Izikelemu ze-rice zinabantu abaningi, zizalana ngokushesha, futhi zilimaza kakhulu amasimu elayisi.
I-Rice Thrips
I-Rice thrips iyisilokazana esincane esiphila kakhulu ngokumunca ubisi emaqabunga erayisi, okubangela amachashaza amhlophe noma imithende emaqabunga, futhi ezimeni ezinzima amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi ome. I-Rice thrips ithinta kabi isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yerayisi.
I-Rice Gall Midge
Izibungu ze-rice gall midge zihlasela izicubu ezincane zerayisi futhi zenze izinyongo, zithinte ukukhula okuvamile kwerayisi futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu okuholela ekuhlulekeni kwezitshalo. I-rice gall midge inomthelela omkhulu ekukhuleni kwerayisi futhi kunzima ukuyilawula.
I-Rice Stem Borer
I-Rice Stem Borer igubha ezihlangeni zelayisi ukuze idle, okubangela ukuba izinhlanga ziphuke noma zife, kukhinyabeze isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yerayisi. Isigaba sezibungu se-Rice Stem Borer yisigaba esilimaza kakhulu, futhi izinyathelo zokulawula zidinga ukugxila kulesi sigaba.
I-Rice Bug
Izimbungulu zelayisi ziphila ngokumunca ubisi lwerayisi, okwenza izinhlamvu zibe mnyama futhi zishwabane, okuthinta isivuno. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezimbungulu zerayisi, kodwa ezivame kakhulu i-green blind bug.
Ifolda Yeqabunga Lelayisi
Izibungu zefolda yeqabunga lelayisi zihlafuna amaqabunga elayisi bese zigoqa amaqabunga zibe ishubhu, kuthinte i-photosynthesis futhi kuholele ekukhuleni okubi kanye nesivuno esinciphile. Ukulawulwa Kwenundu Leqabunga Lelayisi kudingeka kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwesigaba sezibungu ukuze kuncishiswe ukulimala kwalo elayisi.
Ukwethulwa Kwama-Insecticide Asetshenziswa Kaningi
Imidacloprid
Ukusetshenziswa: Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula i-rice fly, i-rice thrips nezinye izinambuzane ezincelisayo ze-mouthparts.
Izici: I-Imidacloprid inezinto ezinhle zesistimu, ingangena ngokushesha ezitshalweni, ibe neshalofu ende, futhi inobungane ezinyosini kanye nemvelo.
I-Chlorantraniliprole
Ukusetshenziswa: Isebenza ngempumelelo ekuhlafuneni izingxenye zomlomo ze-rice stem borer, i-rice borer nezinye izinambuzane.
Izici: I-Chlorantraniliprole inemiphumela yobuthi enamandla yokuthinta nesisu, isikhathi eside sokusebenza kahle, nokuphepha okuphezulu emvelweni nasezintweni ezingahlosiwe.
I-Thiamethoxam
Ukusetshenziswa: Kusetshenziswa kakhulu ekulawuleni i-whitefly, i-rice weevil nezinye izinambuzane.
Izici: I-Thiamethoxam inezinto ezihlelekile nezingena ngaphakathi, ingabulala izinambuzane ngokushesha, futhi inezinsalela eziphansi, futhi inobungani nemvelo.
Carbendazim
Ukusetshenziswa: Isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula i-rice gall midge, i-rice thrips nezinye izinambuzane.
Izici: I-Carbendazim inoshevu omuhle ekuthinteni nasesiswini, futhi iyasebenza ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezinambuzane, futhi inokuphepha okuphezulu ezitshalweni nasendaweni ezungezile.
I-Acetamiprid
Ukusetshenziswa: Isetshenziselwa ukulawula isibungu sasensimini yerayisi, i-rice borer nezinye izinambuzane.
Izici: I-Acephate inemiphumela emihle ye-systemic kanye ne-tactile, enesikhathi eside sokuphikelela kanye nomthelela omkhulu wokubulala ezinambuzaneni.
I-Cypermetrin
Ukusetshenziswa: Isetshenziswa kabanzi ukuvimbela kanye nokulawula ukundiza kwerayisi, inundu ye-rice paddy nezinye izinambuzane.
Izici: I-Cypermethrin inemiphumela enamandla yobuthi yokuthinta nesisu, umphumela omuhle osebenza ngokushesha, izinsalela eziphansi, futhi iphephile uma kuqhathaniswa nemvelo.
Iziphakamiso mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwama-insecticides
Ukukhetha ama-insecticides ngokuya ngezinhlobo zezinambuzane
Lapho ukhetha ama-insecticides, ukukhetha kufanele kusekelwe ezinhlotsheni ezithile zezinambuzane. Izinambuzane ezehlukene zinozwela oluhlukene kuma-insecticides ahlukene, futhi ukukhetha okunengqondo kwamakhemikhali kungathuthukisa umphumela wokulawula futhi kunciphise ukumoshakala kwamakhemikhali.
Ukusetshenziswa okunengqondo komthamo nezindlela zokusebenzisa
Lapho usebenzisa ama-insecticides, umthamo kufanele usetshenziswe ngokuhambisana ngokuqinile nemiyalelo yokugwema ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile noma ngaphansi. Ukweqisa kwezidakamizwa akukhona nje ukumosha amakhemikhali, kodwa kungase futhi kubangele imithelela engadingekile endaweni ezungezile kanye nezinto ezingahlosiwe. Indlela yokufaka isicelo kufanele futhi ikhethwe ngokwesimo esithile, njengokufafaza nokucwiliswa kwembewu, ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokulawula ongcono kakhulu.
Ukuzungezisa ukuvimbela ukumelana
Uma i-insecticide efanayo isetshenziswa isikhathi eside, izinambuzane zijwayele ukuthuthukisa ukumelana, okuholela ekwehleni komphumela wokulawula. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukushintshanisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-insecticides ukuvimbela izinambuzane ekuthuthukiseni ukumelana nokuqinisekisa umphumela wokulawula.
Amasu Okulawula Ahlanganisiwe
Ukulawulwa Kwezolimo
Ukuvela nokulimala kwezinambuzane kungancishiswa ngezinyathelo zokulawula ezolimo zesayensi, njengokujikeleziswa kwezitshalo okunengqondo, ukutshala izinhlobo ezimelana nezifo kanye nokuphatha kahle insimu.
Ukulawula ngokomzimba
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezibonakalayo, njengezicupho, ukubamba ukukhanya, njll., kunganciphisa ngempumelelo inani lezinambuzane futhi kunciphise umonakalo wezinambuzane erayisi.
Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziphilayo
Ngokwethula noma ukuvikela izitha zemvelo zezinambuzane eziwuhlupho, njengeminyovu enamagciwane, izinambuzane ezidla ezinye, njll., inani lezinambuzane lingalawuleka ngokwemvelo futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali kungancishiswa.
Ukulawula Amakhemikhali
Uma kunesidingo, ama-insecticide amakhemikhali asetshenziselwa ukulawula, kodwa kufanele kuthathwe ukunakekelwa ukuze kulinganiswe umthamo kanye nokushintshanisa ukusetshenziswa ukuze kugwenywe imithelela engadingekile endaweni ezungezile kanye nezinto ezingahlosiwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jul-11-2024
