Ingabe ummbila uthintwa yi-smut? Ukuhlonza okufika ngesikhathi, ukuvinjelwa kusenesikhathi kanye nokwelashwa kungagwema ngempumelelo ubhubhane

Ummbila omnyama esihlahleni sommbila empeleni uyisifo, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-corn smut, ebizwa nangokuthi i-smut, eyaziwa ngokuthi isikhwama esimpunga kanye nesikhunta esimnyama. I-Ustilago ingenye yezifo ezibalulekile zommbila, ezinomthelela omkhulu ekuvuneni kommbila kanye nekhwalithi. Izinga lokunciphisa isivuno liyahlukahluka kuye ngesikhathi sokuqala, ubukhulu besifo kanye nendawo yesifo.

  

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-corn smut

I-corn smut ingenzeka kuyo yonke inqubo yokukhula, kodwa ayivamile esigabeni sezithombo futhi ikhula ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlwanyela. Lesi sifo sizokwenzeka lapho izithombo zommbila zinamaqabunga eqiniso angama-4-5. Iziqu namaqabunga ezithombo ezigulayo zizosonteka, zikhubazeke, futhi zibe mfushane. Izimila ezincane zizovela phansi kweziqu eduze nomhlabathi. Lapho ummbila ukhula ube yimitha ukuphakama, izimpawu zizovela. Kusobala kakhudlwana ukuthi ngemva kwalokhu, amaqabunga, iziqu, amatshakaza, izindlebe, nama-axillary buds azotheleleka ngokulandelana futhi kuzovela izimila. Izimila ziyahlukahluka ngobukhulu, kusukela kokuncane njengeqanda kuya kunkulu njengenqindi. Izimila ekuqaleni zibonakala zimhlophe okwesiliva, zicwebezela, futhi zinamanzi. Uma usuvuthiwe, ulwelwesi lwangaphandle luyadabuka futhi lukhiphe inani elikhulu lempushana emnyama. Ohlangeni lommbila, kungaba nesimila esisodwa noma ngaphezulu. Ngemva kokuba intshakaza isikhishiwe, amanye ama-florets angenwa igciwane futhi athuthuke amathumba afana nama-cyst noma amise okwempondo. Ngokuvamile izimila eziningana zibuthana zibe yinqwaba. Intshakaza eyodwa ingaba nenani lamathumba liyahluka ukusuka kokumbalwa kuye kweshumi nambili.

Iphethini yokwenzeka ye-corn smut

Amagciwane e-pathogenic angadlula ubusika emhlabathini, umquba noma izinsalela zezitshalo ezigulayo futhi awumthombo wokuqala wokutheleleka ngonyaka wesibili. Ama-chlamydospores anamathele embewu adlala indima ethile ekusabalaleni okude kwe-smut. Ngemva kokuba i-pathogen ihlasele isitshalo sommbila, i-mycelium izokhula ngokushesha ngaphakathi kwezicubu ze-parenchyma futhi ikhiqize into efana ne-auxin eshukumisa amangqamuzana esitshalweni sombila, awenze ande futhi ande, ekugcineni akhe izimila. Lapho i-tumor iqhuma, inani elikhulu lama-teliospores lizokhishwa, okubangela ukutheleleka kabusha.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela nokulawula i-corn smut
(1) Ukwelashwa kwembewu: 50% wempushana emanzi yeCarbendazim ingasetshenziswa ekwelapheni ukugqoka izimbewu ngo-0.5% wesisindo sembewu.
(2) Susa umsuka wesifo: Uma isifo sitholakala, kufanele sisinqume ngokushesha futhi sisimbele sijule noma sisishise. Ngemva kokuvunwa kommbila, amaqabunga awile ezitshalo ezisele ensimini kufanele asuswe ngokuphelele ukuze kuncishiswe umthombo wamabhaktheriya e-overwintering emhlabathini. Emasimini anesifo esibi kakhulu, gwema ukunqampuna okuqhubekayo.
(3) Qinisa ukulawulwa kokutshala: Okokuqala, ukutshala eduze okunengqondo kuyisinyathelo esiyinhloko esingathathwa. Ukutshala okuseduze kommbila okufanelekile nokunengqondo akukwazi nje ukwandisa isivuno, kodwa futhi kuvimbele ngokuphumelelayo ukuvela kommbila we-corn smut. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kokubili amanzi nomanyolo kufanele kusetshenziswe inani elifanele. Okuningi kakhulu ngeke kube lula ukulawula i-corn smut.
(4) Ukuvimbela ukufafaza: Phakathi nenkathi kusukela ekuhlumeni kommbila kuya esihlokweni, kufanele sihlanganise ukhula futhi silawule izinambuzane ezinjenge- bollworm, thrips, corn borer, ne-cotton bollworm. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-fungicides afana ne-Carbendazim ne-Tebuconazole angafuthwa. Thatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezifanele ngokumelene ne-smut.
(5) Ukulungiswa kokufafaza: Uma isifo sesitholakele ensimini, ngesisekelo sokususwa ngesikhathi, izibulala-sikhunta ezifuthwa ngesikhathi njengeTebuconazole ukuze kulungiswe futhi kulawule ukubhebhetheka kwalesi sifo.