Abamectiniwuhlobo lwesibulala-zinambuzane, i-acaricide kanye ne-nematicide eyakhiwe ngokubambisana ne-Merck (manje eyi-Syngenta) yase-United States, eyahlukaniswa nenhlabathi ye-Streptomyces Avermann yiNyuvesi yaseKitori eJapane ngo-1979. Ingasetshenziswa lawula izinambuzane ezifana nezibungu, i-lepidoptera, i-homoptera, i-coleoptera, i-root-knot nematodes ezitshalweni eziningi, izihlahla zezithelo, izimbali nezihlahla, njenge-diamondback moth, i-leafminer yesihlahla sezithelo, amabhungane, izibungu zikaphayini wehlathi, izicabucabu ezibomvu, ama-thrips, ama-planthopper, amaqabunga umvukuzi, izintwala, njll.
1 Abamectin · Fluazinam
I-Fluazinam iyi-ejenti entsha ye-pyrimidine ebulala amagciwane kanye ne-acaricidal. Kwabikwa ukuthi inomphumela we-bactericidal ngo-1982. Ngo-1988, yayiyinhlanganisela eyakhiwe futhi yethulwa yi-Syngenta yi-Ishihara Corporation yaseJapane. Ngo-1990, i-Fluazinam, impushana emanzi engu-50%, yafakwa okokuqala ohlwini e-Japan. Indlela yayo yokusebenza i-mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation coupling agent, engavimbela yonke inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwamabhaktheriya anegciwane. Akukwazi nje ukuvimbela ngempumelelo ukukhululwa nokuhluma kwama-zoospores we-pathogen, kodwa futhi ukuvimbela ukukhula kwe-mycelium ye-pathogen kanye nokwakheka kwezitho ezihlaselayo. Inokuvikela okuqinile, kodwa ayinazo izinto ezivimbelayo nezokwelashwa, kodwa inokuphikelela okuhle nokumelana nokuguguleka kwemvula.
Ukwakhiwa kwenhlanganisela ye-Abamectin ne-haloperidine ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukulawula izibungu zezitshalo, ezingakwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo izibungu ze-phytophagous ezifana nesicabucabu, kodwa futhi zivimbela ukuvela kwezifo ezihlukahlukene.
2 Abamectin · pyridaben
I-Pyridaben, isibulala-zinambuzane se-thiazidone kanye ne-acaricide, yasungulwa ngabakwa-Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd. ngo-1985. Isebenza ngokumelene namaqanda, ama-nymphs kanye nezibungu ezindala zezibungu eziyingozi, njenge-panonychus mite, i-gall mites, izibungu zamaqabunga kanye nozipho oluncane. izibungu, futhi inemiphumela ethile yokulawula ngokumelene nama-aphid, amazeze anemigqa ephuzi, ama-leaf hopper nezinye izinambuzane. Isenzo saso siyi-insecticide engahleliwe kanye ne-acaricide, okungukuthi, ivimbela ngokuyinhloko ukuhlanganiswa kwesikhunta esithile ezicubu ze-muscle, izicubu zezinzwa kanye nesistimu yokudlulisa i-electron yezinambuzane. Inempahla eqinile ebulalayo ethintwayo, kodwa ayinawo umthelela wangaphakathi wokumuncwa kanye nokufutha.
I-Avi · pyridaben isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula izibungu eziyingozi ezifana nesicabucabu esibomvu, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi i-pyridaben isetshenziswe ezitshalweni ezihlukahlukene isikhathi eside futhi izikhathi eziningi, ukumelana kwayo nakho kukhulu, ngakho lolu hlobo lwesibulala-zinambuzane luyanconywa ukuthi lusetshenziselwe ukuvimbela. futhi ulawule izibungu eziyingozi uma zingenzeki noma ziqala ukwenzeka. Kukhona ikakhulukazi i-emulsion, i-microemulsion, i-powder emanzi, i-emulsion yamanzi kanye ne-ejenti yokumiswa.
3 Abamectin · Etoxazole
I-Etimazole iyi-oxazoline acaricide, i-diphenyl oxazoline derivative acaricide eyatholwa futhi yathuthukiswa yi-Sumitomo Corporation yase-Japan ngo-1994. Ingasetshenziselwa izibungu eziyingozi eziningi njenge-Tetranychus urticae, i-Tetranychus holoclavatus, i-Tetranychus originalis kanye ne-Tetranychus ezihlahleni zezithelo, i-cinnabarinus , izimbali nezinye izitshalo. Indlela yokusebenza kwayo yi-chitin inhibitor, okungukuthi, ukuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-embryo yamaqanda ama-mite kanye nokuxebuka kwezibungu ezincane ezibungwini ezindala. Inemiphumela yokubulala othintana naye kanye nobuthi besisu, futhi ayinakho ukumuncwa kwangaphakathi. Inomsebenzi omningi ngokumelene namaqanda ezinambuzane, izibungu ezincane kanye nama-nymphs, futhi inomthelela omubi ezintwaneni ezindala, kodwa ingavimbela ukuzala noma ukuchanyuselwa kwezinsikazi ezindala, futhi imelana nokuguguleka kwemvula.
I-Avenidazole ilungele ukusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kokugqashuka kwezibungu eziyingozi noma lapho isanda kutholwa.
4 Abamectin · Bifenazat
I-Bifenazat iwuhlobo lwe-Bifenazat acaricide, eyatholwa yiNkampani yokuqala ye-Uniroy (manje eyiKoju Company) ngo-1996, yase ithuthukiswa ngokuhlanganyela neNissan Chemical yaseJapan. Yafakwa ohlwini ngo-2000 njenge-hydrazine formate (noma i-diphenylhydrazine) i-acaricide. Lo muthi awusebenzi nje kuphela kune-ethyndrite, kodwa futhi uphephile ezitshalweni. Isetshenziselwa izinhlobo eziningi zezibungu eziyingozi ezifana ne-Tetranychus urticae, i-Tetranychus flavus, i-Tetranychus totalis, njll. ezihlahleni zezithelo, imifino, izitshalo zokuhlobisa kanye namakhabe. Inomphumela wokubulala othintana naye, akukho ukumuncwa kwangaphakathi, futhi ayithinti umphumela wokusetshenziswa ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi. Isebenza kahle kuzo zonke izigaba zempilo yezibungu (amaqanda, ama-nymphs nezibungu ezindala) futhi inomsebenzi wokubulala amaqanda kanye nomsebenzi wokuwisa izimbuzane ezindala. Indlela yayo yokusebenza iwukuvinjwa kwamangqamuzana ezinzwa, okungukuthi, ohlelweni lwe-nervous conduction conduction of mites γ— Umsebenzi oyingqayizivele we-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor ungavimbela uhlelo lwe-nerve conduction emaphakathi yezibungu ukuze kuzuzwe umphumela wokubulala.
I-Avil · I-Bifenazat ester ayigcini nje ngokuphumelela kakhulu ekubulaleni, kodwa futhi akulula ukukhiqiza ukumelana nezidakamizwa. Ingasetshenziswa ezitshalweni eziningi.
6 Abamectin · Hexythiazox
I-Thiazolidinone iwuhlobo lwe-acaricide ekhiqizwa yi-Caoda Company yaseJapan. Ibhekiswe kakhulu ezibungwini zesicabucabu, futhi inomsebenzi omncane wokulwa nama-rust mites kanye nezibungu zenyongo. Indlela yayo yokusebenza i-non-system acaricide, enemiphumela yokuthinta ukubulala kanye nobuthi besisu, futhi ayinakho ukumuncwa kwangaphakathi, kodwa inomphumela omuhle wokungena ku-epidermis yesitshalo. Inomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu wokulwa namaqanda ezinambuzane nezibungu ezincane. Nakuba inobuthi obubuthakathaka ezibungwini ezindala, inganqanda ukuchanyuselwa kwamaqanda ezinambuzane ezindala zezinsikazi. I-non-thermal acaricide, okungukuthi, ayithinti umphumela we-acaricidal ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu noma eliphansi.
Ave · I-Hexythiazox ingasetshenziswa ukulawula izibungu zesicabucabu noma izibungu ezikhathini eziningi, kodwa umphumela wayo ezintwaneni ezindala awumuhle. Kunconywa ukuwalawula esigabeni sokuqala sokwenzeka, futhi akukho mehluko emphumeleni lapho izinga lokushisa lemvelo lishintsha kakhulu.
7 Abamectin · Diafenthiuron
I-Diafenthiuron isibulala-zinambuzane esisha se-thiourea esakhiwa i-Ciba-Kaji (manje eyi-Syngenta) ngeminyaka yawo-1980. Isetshenziselwa ukulawula izinambuzane ze-Lepidoptera ezifana ne-diamondback moth, i-cabbage worm, i-bean armyworm ezitshalweni ezihlukahlukene kanye nezitshalo zokuhlobisa, kanye nezinambuzane ze-pteroptera ezifana ne-leafhopper, i-whitefly ne-aphid, kanye nezibungu ze-phytophagous ezifana nesicabucabu (spider mite) kanye ne-tarsal mite. Inemiphumela yokubulala ukuthinta, ubuthi esiswini, ukufuthwa nokumunca ngaphakathi. I-Diafenthiuron inomphumela ohamba kancane emaqanda, izibungu, ama-nymphs kanye nabantu abadala, kodwa umphumela wawo emaqanda awumuhle. Indlela yokusebenza kwayo ukuthi inomsebenzi webhayoloji kuphela ngemuva kokubola kwayo yaba okuphuma ku-carbodiimide ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga (i-ultraviolet) noma ngaphansi kwesenzo se-oxidase esebenzayo emzimbeni wesinambuzane, futhi i-carbodiimide ingakwazi ukukhetha ngokuhlanganyela i-Fo-ATPase kanye nephrotheni ye-membrane yangaphandle. kulwelwesi lwangaphakathi lwe-mitochondria ukuze luvimbele ukuphefumula kwe-mitochondrial, luvimbele ukusebenza kwe-nerve cell mitochondria emzimbeni wezinambuzane, kuthinte ukuphefumula kwayo nokuguqulwa kwamandla, futhi kwenze isinambuzane sife.
I-Avidin ayikwazi nje ukulawula izibungu eziyingozi njengezibungu zesicabucabu kanye nezibungu ze-tarsal ezitshalweni, kodwa futhi ibe nomphumela omuhle wokulawula izinambuzane ze-lepidoptera ne-homoptera, kodwa inomthelela omubi kuma-mite noma amaqanda ezinambuzane. Ingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinye izinhlobo zezibulala-zinambuzane ezinomphumela onamandla osheshayo noma ubude besikhathi eside, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinye izibulali-qanda, njenge-tetrapyrazine. Iyazwela futhi kwezinye imifino, njenge-cauliflower ne-broccoli, futhi ayinconywa ukuyisebenzisa ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
8 Abamectin · Propargite
I-Propargite iwuhlobo lwe-organic sulfur acaricide, eyakhiwe yiNkampani yangaphambili ye-Uniroy yase-United States (manje eyi-Copua Company yase-United States) ngo-1969. Indlela yayo yokusebenza i-mitochondrial inhibitor, okungukuthi, ngokuvimbela ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla emitochondrial ( I-ATP) yezibungu, ngaleyo ndlela ithinte i-metabolism evamile kanye nokulungiswa kwezibungu kanye nezibungu ezibulalayo. Inemiphumela yobuthi besisu, ukubulawa kokuthintwa kanye nokufuthwa, ayinakho ukumuncwa kwangaphakathi kanye nokungeneka, futhi inomsebenzi obalulekile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Inemiphumela emihle kuma-mite amancane, ama-nymphs kanye nezibungu ezindala, kodwa umsebenzi omncane kumaqanda ezinambuzane. ① Ukwenyusa ukugxila ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuzodala umonakalo obuyisekayo ezingxenyeni zamathenda zezitshalo. ② Inezici zomphumela osheshayo, ubude besikhathi somphumela, kanye nezinsalela eziphansi (ngenxa yokungafinyeleli kwayo, iningi lomuthi owuketshezi lizohlala phezu kwezitshalo kuphela). Ingasetshenziselwa ukulawula izibungu eziningi eziyingozi njenge-leaf mites, tea yellow mites, leaf mites, gall mites, njll. ezitshalweni ezihlukahlukene ezifana namakhabe, imifino ye-cruciferous, izihlahla zezithelo, ukotini, ubhontshisi, izihlahla zetiye kanye nezitshalo zokuhlobisa. .
I-Avi – acetyl mites ingalawula izinhlobo eziningi zezibungu eziyingozi ezitshalweni. Emazingeni athile okushisa, uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu, umphumela wokulawula ubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa umphumela wamaqanda ezibungu awunamandla, futhi umthamo oweqile uzoveza izimpawu ezithile ezilulama ezingxenyeni ezithambile zezitshalo.
9 Abamectin · fenpropathrin
I-Fenpropathrin iyi-pyrethroid insecticide kanye ne-acaricide eyakhiwe yi-Sumitomo ngo-1973. Ingasetshenziselwa ama-aphid, i-cotton bollworm, i-cabbage worm, i-diamondback moth, i-leafminer, i-tea leafhopper, i-inchworm, i-heartworm, i-flower shell worm, ibhu elinobuthi nezinye izinambuzane ze-Lepido. I-Homoptera, i-Hemiptera, i-Diptera, i-Coleoptera nezinye izinambuzane zikakotini, izihlahla zezithelo, imifino nezinye izitshalo, kanye nokuvimbela isicabucabu esibomvu nezinye izibungu eziyingozi. Inemiphumela yokubulala othintana naye, ubuthi besisu kanye nokuxosha, futhi ayinayo imiphumela yokuhogela kanye nefumigating. Isebenza emaqandeni, izibungu ezincane, ama-nymphs, izibungu ezincane kanye nezibungu ezindala zezibungu eziyingozi. Isenzo saso siwubuthi bezinzwa, okungukuthi, busebenza ohlelweni lwezinzwa lwezinambuzane, lucekela phansi inqubo yokuqhuba izinzwa yezinambuzane, futhi kubenza bajabule ngokweqile, bakhubazeke futhi bafe. Umphumela uyamangalisa ekushiseni okuphansi, kodwa awukwazi ukusetshenziswa ekushiseni okuphezulu, okulula ukubangela ukulimala kwezidakamizwa.
I-Avermethrin ingasetshenziselwa ukulawula izitshalo ngezicabucabu eziningi noma izicabucabu ezibomvu, kodwa umphumela wokulawula uncike esimweni. Ngenxa yokuthi i-fenpropathrin iyi-pyrethroid, ngokuvamile ayinakho ukumelana nezinye izinhlobo zama-acaricides, kodwa ingakwazi ukulawula izibungu ezihlukahlukene eziyingozi, futhi kulula ukukhiqiza ukumelana nezidakamizwa, futhi ingakwazi nokulawula izinhlobonhlobo ze-lepidoptera, umlomo ohlabayo kanye nomlomo. ezinye izinambuzane, kodwa isizathu sokuhlukahluka ngokweqile kwama-pyrethroids nokusetshenziswa kweminyaka eminingi, Umphumela wokuvimbela nokulawula ungase ungabi okahle, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukuvimbela kuqala. Amafomu omthamo afaka uwoyela omulsifiable, i-microemulsion kanye nempushana emanzi.
10 Abamectin · Profenofos
I-Profenofos iyi-thiophosphate organophosphate insecticide kanye ne-acaricide eyakhiwe yi-Ciba-Kaji (manje eyi-Syngenta) ngo-1975. Ingakwazi ukuvimbela futhi ilawule umlomo ohlabayo, umlomo ohlafunayo noma izinambuzane ze-lepidoptera nezibungu elayisi, ukotini, izihlahla zezithelo, imifino ye-cruciferous, izitshalo zokuhlobisa, i-areca, ukhukhunathi nezinye izitshalo, njenge-cotton bollworm, i-rice leaf roller, inundu ye-diamondback, inundu yasebusuku, i-aphid, i-thrips, isicabucabu esibomvu, i-planthopper yerayisi, i-leaf miner nezinye izinambuzane. Isenzo sayo i-acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, enokuthintana kanye nobuthi besisu, ukukwazi ukungena ezitshalweni, umphumela omuhle osheshayo ezinambuzaneni, nomphumela wokubulala amaqanda ezinambuzaneni nasezibungwini. Kodwa akukho ukumuncwa kwangaphakathi. Ingamuncwa ngokushesha indawo yesitshalo, futhi inekhono elithile lokudlulisa emzimbeni wesitshalo. Ingadluliselwa emaphethelweni amaqabunga ukuze ibulale izinambuzane zayo, futhi i-Profenofos inomphumela oqinile wokuvimbela umsebenzi wezinambuzane i-acetylcholinesterase, eyenza buthaka ukumelana nemithi yezinambuzane. Ngenxa yokuthi iningi le-organic phosphorus linomsebenzi othile ngokumelene nezibungu eziyingozi, uhlobo olufanayo lwe-avirin ne-Profenofos, lungasetshenziswa ukuvimbela izibungu eziyingozi.
11 Abamectin · chlorpyrifos
I-Chlorpyrifos iyisibulala-zinambuzane se-organophosphorus esakhiwe futhi sakhiqizwa u-Taoshi Yinong ngo-1965. Yayinqatshelwe ukusetshenziswa kumakhabe nemifino e-China ngoDisemba 31, 2014, futhi yavalwa ngokuphelele kwezinye izindawo (njenge-Hainan, njll.) kusukela ngo-2020. imiphumela yokubulala ukuthinta, ubuthi esiswini, kanye nokufuthwa, kodwa ayinakho ukuhogela. Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa, kuzovimbela umsebenzi we-acetylcholinesterase emzimbeni wezinambuzane, okubangela ukuthi ziphume ebhalansini, i-overexcitation, kanye ne-spasm ekufeni. Ingasetshenziselwa ukulawula ama-borer, ama-noctuid kanye nezinye i-lepidoptera kanye ne-coleoptera erayisi, ummbila, ubhontshisi wesoya, izihlahla zezithelo nezinye izitshalo, kanye nezinambuzane ezingaphansi komhlaba ezifana nama-stem borer nama-ground tiger, nezinambuzane ezihlukahlukene ezifana ne-leafminer.
I-Abamectin kanye ne-chlorpyrifos zibhalise izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60 e-China, futhi zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukulawula izinambuzane ze-lepidoptera zezihlahla zezithelo, amahlosi aphansi, ama-grubs, ama-root-knot nematodes nezinye izinambuzane ezingaphansi komhlaba. Njengeningi le-phosphorus ephilayo njenge-Profenofos, banomsebenzi othile ngokumelene nezibungu eziyingozi, futhi zingabamba iqhaza ekuvimbeleni izibungu eziyingozi.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-20-2023
